Systems and methods for guiding movement of a handheld medical robotic instrument
The present teachings provide for a hand-held robotic system for use with a saw blade or other surgical tool. The hand-held robotic system also includes an instrument with a hand-held portion, a blade support coupled to the hand-held portion by a plurality of actuators, the actuators configured to move the blade support or tool support in a plurality of degrees of freedom relative to the hand-held portion. The system includes a localizer and a control system coupled to the localizer and the plurality of actuators. The control system is configured to control each of the plurality of actuators and/or the tool drive motor.
1 . A hand-held medical robotic system for use with a saw blade, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising;
a hand-held portion to be held by a user and a blade support coupled to the hand-held portion,
the blade support comprising a saw drive motor to drive motion of the saw blade;
an actuator assembly operatively interconnecting the blade support and the hand-held portion to move the blade support to align the saw blade in a plurality of controlled degrees of freedom relative to the hand-held portion to align the saw blade, the actuator assembly being incapable of repositioning the saw blade in at least one uncontrolled degree of freedom, the actuator assembly including a plurality of actuators;
a localizer; and
a control system coupled to the plurality of actuators, the saw drive motor, and the localizer, the control system configured to:
determine, in a known coordinate system, a pose of the saw blade, a pose of the hand-held portion, a target pose of the saw blade, and a boundary, and
control the plurality of actuators to align the saw blade in the plurality of controlled degrees of freedom based on the pose of the hand-held portion and the target pose of the saw blade; and
control the saw drive motor based on the boundary and the pose of the saw blade in the at least one uncontrolled degree of freedom;
wherein the target pose is a target plane defined in at least three degrees of freedom.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the actuator assembly is configured to align the saw blade in fewer than four controlled degrees of freedom.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the fewer than four controlled degrees of freedom comprise pitch, roll, and elevation.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one uncontrolled degree of freedom comprises translation in x, translation in y, yaw, or combinations thereof, wherein x is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the blade support.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the hand-held portion includes a constraint assembly having a passive linkage operatively interconnecting the blade support and the hand-held portion, the passive linkage being coupled to the blade support and the hand-held portion in a manner to constrain movement of the blade support relative to the hand-held portion in three degrees of freedom.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instrument weighs less than 6 lbs.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the boundary is a boundary mesh, wherein controlling the saw drive motor comprises controlling a motor parameter of the saw drive motor at a first value and a second value, wherein the first value is different than the second value, the control system operable to change operation from the first value to the second value based on the boundary mesh and based on the pose of the saw blade.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the motor parameter is selected from a group comprising speed, torque, current, acceleration, or combinations thereof.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to determine a distance parameter based on a position of a portion of the saw blade and the boundary, wherein the control system is configured to control the drive motor based on the distance parameter.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the boundary is one dimensional, two dimensional or three dimensional.
11 . A hand-held medical robotic system for use with a saw blade, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising;
a hand-held portion to be held by a user and a blade support coupled to the hand-held portion,
the blade support comprising a saw drive motor to drive motion of the saw blade;
an actuator assembly operatively interconnecting the blade support and the hand-held portion to move the blade support to align the saw blade in a plurality of controlled degrees of freedom relative to the hand-held portion to align the saw blade with a target pose, the actuator assembly including a plurality of actuators;
a localizer; and
a control system coupled to the plurality of actuators, the saw drive motor, and the localizer, the control system configured to:
determine, in a known coordinate system, a state of the saw blade, a target pose of the saw blade, and a boundary;
control the plurality of actuators to align the saw blade in the plurality of controlled degrees of freedom with a target pose; and
control the saw drive motor based on the state of the saw blade and the boundary; and
determine a distance parameter based on a position of a portion of the saw blade and the boundary, wherein the control system is configured to control the drive motor based on the distance parameter.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the boundary is a plane or a two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the target pose is a target plane, and wherein the boundary is perpendicular to the target plane.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the target pose is the target plane, and wherein the boundary is parallel to the target plane.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the target pose is defined in at least three degrees of freedom.
16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the target plane is based on a planned pose of an implant.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the control system is configured to determine a distance parameter based on a position of a portion of the saw blade and the boundary, wherein the control system is configured to control the drive motor based on the distance parameter.
18 . A hand-held medical robotic system for use with a saw blade, the system comprising:
an instrument comprising;
a hand-held portion to be held by a user and a blade support coupled to the hand-held portion,
the blade support comprising a saw drive motor to drive motion of the saw blade;
an actuator assembly operatively interconnecting the blade support and the hand-held portion to move the blade support to align the saw blade in a plurality of controlled degrees of freedom relative to the hand-held portion to align the saw blade with a target pose, the actuator assembly including a plurality of actuators;
a localizer; and
a control system coupled to the plurality of actuators, the saw drive motor, and the localizer, the control system configured to:
determine, in a known coordinate system, a state of the saw blade, and a boundary, and
control the plurality of actuators to align the saw blade in the plurality of controlled degrees of freedom with the boundary; and
control the saw drive motor based on the state of the saw blade and the boundary; and
wherein the boundary is a boundary mesh, wherein controlling the saw drive motor comprises controlling a motor parameter of the saw drive motor at a first value and a second value, wherein the first value is different than the second value, the controller operable to change operation from the first value to the second value based on the boundary mesh and based on the pose of the saw blade.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the motor parameter is selected from a group comprising speed, torque, current, acceleration, or combinations thereof.