TWO STEP CARBONATION HARDENING OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT BASED CONCRETE
A method for manufacturing concrete parts has the steps of: providing a hydraulic cement and aggregate; mixing the cement and aggregate with water to provide a fresh concrete; introducing CO 2 into the fresh concrete in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 0.5 wt.-% and less than 5 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases for a first carbonation step; curing the fresh concrete until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated to provide a green concrete part; subjecting the green concrete part to CO 2 in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 10 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases for a final carbonation step; and storing the part for 0.5 hours to 28 days for further hydration of not-yet carbonated, not-yet hydrated cement to provide the concrete part. and concrete parts obtainable with the method.
1 - 15 . (canceled)
16 . A method for manufacturing concrete parts comprising the following steps:
providing aggregate and a hydraulic cement containing calcium aluminates,
mixing the cement and aggregate with water to provide a fresh concrete,
introducing CO 2 into the fresh concrete in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 0.5 wt.-% and less than 5 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases which are calculated as 0.785×(CaO−0.56 CaCO 3 −0.7 SO 3 )+1.091×(MgO−0.479 MgCO 3 ) for a first carbonation step by (i) mixing of cement, aggregate and water in the presence of CO 2 and/or by (ii) adding solid CO 2 during mixing, curing the fresh concrete until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated to provide a green concrete part,
subjecting the green concrete part to CO 2 in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 10 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases which are calculated as 0.785×(CaO−0.56 CaCO 3 −0.7 SO 3 )+1.091×(MgO−0.479 MgCO 3 ) for a final carbonation step, and
storing the part for 0.5 hours to 28 days for further hydration of not-yet carbonated, not-yet hydrated cement to provide the concrete part.
17 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein additional CO 2 is provided in the fresh concrete by (iii) dissolving CO 2 in an aqueous component added to form the fresh concrete, (iv) pre-carbonating the dry cement before mixing, and/or (v) soaking a part or all aggregate with a CO 2 containing solution before addition to the fresh concrete.
18 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the hydraulic cement is selected from the group consisting of Portland cements, Portland composite cements, calcium aluminate cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cements and dicalcium silicate cements.
19 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the water:cement weight ratio in the fresh concrete is set to range from 0.1 to 1.
20 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the fresh concrete additionally contains one or more admixture(s) and/or one or more additive(s).
21 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced into the fresh concrete by dissolving the carbon dioxide in the mixing water or a part of it, in an admixture solution/suspension, in an additive solution/suspension or in more than one aqueous component.
22 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced into the fresh concrete by a combination of two or more of the variants (i) to (v).
23 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the CO 2 introduced in the first carbonation step has a concentration from 5 to 99 Vol.-% and/or is provided in the form of gas, solution or as solid material.
24 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the amount of CO 2 introduced in the first carbonation step results in a carbonation degree of less than 4 wt.-%.
25 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 60 to 300 minutes and/or until a strength of 0.5 MPa is reached and/or until at least 5 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
26 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the CO 2 used for subjecting the green concrete part to CO 2 is provided in the form of gas with a concentration from 5 to 99 Vol.-%.
27 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the CO 2 is a gas from modified clinker production lines or from carbon capture technologies.
28 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the fresh concrete is filled into a mold after mixing or after the first carbonation step and demolded after curing.
29 . The method according to claim 18 , wherein the hydraulic cement is selected from the group consisting of Portland cements, Portland composite cements and dicalcium silicate cements.
30 . The method according to claim 19 , wherein the water:cement weight ratio in the fresh concrete is set to range from 0.2 to 0.5.
31 . The method according to claim 22 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced by using a carbon dioxide solution depleted in CO 2 by soaking the aggregate according to variant (v) as mixing water according to variant (iii) or by using gaseous carbon dioxide with a CO 2 concentration decreased by having been bubbled through the fresh concrete during mixing in variant (i) for pre-carbonating the dry cement according to variant (iv).
32 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first carbonation step results in a carbonation degree of less than 3 wt.-% and more than 1 wt.-%.
33 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 30 to 240 minutes and/or until a strength of 1 MPa is reached and/or until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
34 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 10 to 120 minutes, and/or until a strength of 2 MPa is reached and/or until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
35 . A method for manufacturing concrete parts comprising the following steps:
providing aggregate and a hydraulic cement containing calcium aluminates,
mixing the cement and aggregate with water to provide a fresh concrete,
providing CO 2 in the fresh concrete in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 0.5 wt.-% and less than 5 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases which are calculated as 0.785×(CaO−0.56 CaCO 3 −0.7 SO 3 )+1.091×(MgO−0.479 MgCO 3 ) for a first carbonation step by (iii) dissolving CO 2 in an aqueous component added to form the fresh concrete, (iv) pre-carbonating the dry cement before mixing, and/or (v) soaking a part or all aggregate with a CO 2 containing solution before addition to the fresh concrete,
curing the fresh concrete until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated to provide a green concrete part,
subjecting the green concrete part to CO 2 in an amount resulting in a carbonation degree of more than 10 wt.-% of the total carbonatable Ca and Mg phases which are calculated as 0.785×(CaO−0.56 CaCO 3 −0.7 SO 3 )+1.091×(MgO−0.479 MgCO 3 ) for a final carbonation step, and
storing the part for 0.5 hours to 28 days for further hydration of not-yet carbonated, not-yet hydrated cement to provide the concrete part.
36 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein additional CO 2 is introduced into the fresh concrete by (i) mixing of cement, aggregate and water in the presence of CO 2 and/or (ii) adding solid CO 2 during mixing.
37 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the hydraulic cement is selected from the group consisting of Portland cements, Portland composite cements, calcium aluminate cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cements and dicalcium silicate cements.
38 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the water:cement weight ratio in the fresh concrete is set to range from 0.1 to 1.
39 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the fresh concrete additionally contains one or more admixture(s) and/or one or more additive(s).
40 . The method according to claim 36 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced into the fresh concrete by dissolving the carbon dioxide in the mixing water or a part of it, in an admixture solution/suspension, in an additive solution/suspension or in more than one aqueous component.
41 . The method according to claim 36 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced into the fresh concrete by a combination of two or more of the variants (i) to (v).
42 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the CO 2 introduced in the first carbonation step has a concentration from 5 to 99 Vol.-% and/or is provided in the form of gas, solution or as solid material.
43 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the amount of CO 2 introduced in the first carbonation step results in a carbonation degree of less than 4 wt.-%.
44 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 60 to 300 minutes and/or until a strength of 0.5 MPa is reached and/or until at least 5 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
45 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the CO 2 used for subjecting the green concrete part to CO 2 is provided in the form of gas with a concentration from 5 to 99 Vol.-%.
46 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the CO 2 is a gas from modified clinker production lines or from carbon capture technologies.
47 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the fresh concrete is filled into a mold after mixing or after the first carbonation step and demolded after curing.
48 . The method according to claim 37 , wherein the hydraulic cement is selected from the group consisting of Portland cements, Portland composite cements and dicalcium silicate cements.
49 . The method according to claim 38 , wherein the water:cement weight ratio in the fresh concrete is set to range from 0.2 to 0.5.
50 . The method according to claim 41 , wherein the CO 2 is introduced by using a carbon dioxide solution depleted in CO 2 by soaking the aggregate according to variant (v) as mixing water according to variant (iii) or by using gaseous carbon dioxide with a CO 2 concentration decreased by having been bubbled through the fresh concrete during mixing in variant (i) for pre-carbonating the dry cement according to variant (iv).
51 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the first carbonation step results in a carbonation degree of less than 3 wt.-% and more than 1 wt.-%.
52 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 30 to 240 minutes and/or until a strength of 1 MPa is reached and/or until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
53 . The method according to claim 35 , wherein the fresh concrete is cured for 10 to 120 minutes, and/or until a strength of 2 MPa is reached and/or until at least 15 wt.-% of the calcium aluminates are hydrated.
54 . A concrete part obtained by the method according to claim 16 .
55 . The concrete part according to claim 54 , wherein the amount of carbonate in the concrete part ranges from 5 to 100 wt.-% of the clinker content of the dry hydraulic cement.
56 . A concrete part obtained by the method according to claim 35 .
57 . The concrete part according to claim 56 , wherein the amount of carbonate in the concrete part ranges from 5 to 100 wt.-% of the clinker content of the dry hydraulic cement.