Braking device
A brake device and a machine including the brake device. The brake device includes an actuator, a transmission, an expander device, a brake lining and a frictional surface. The actuator moves in a limited actuator actuation region, and in at least part of the actuator actuation region, the actuator turns the expander device about at least one fulcrum via the transmission. In at least part of the actuator actuation region, for the purpose of braking, the actuator presses the brake lining, via the expander device, in the direction of and onto the frictional surface to generate a pressing force and a braking torque resulting therefrom. The transmission has a non-linear transmission ratio that is not constant over at least part of the actuator actuation region. The transmission turns the expander device in accordance with the non-linearity.
1 . A braking device comprising:
an actuator;
a transmission unit;
a spreading device;
a wear readjustment device arranged between the transmission unit and the spreading device;
a brake lining; and
a friction surface, wherein:
the actuator moves in a limited actuator operating range;
the actuator, in a minimum of part of its actuator operating range, rotates the spreading device about at least one pivot point via the transmission unit;
the actuator presses the brake lining in the direction of the friction surface via the spreading device for generating a contact force as well as a braking torque;
the transmission unit has a non-linear transmission ratio that is not constant over at least part of the actuator operating range;
the transmission unit rotates the spreading device according to the non-linear transmission ratio; and
wherein the wear readjustment device is actuated by one of the actuator, the transmission unit, and the spreading device.
2 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the spreading device is at least partially enclosed by the braking device.
3 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein
in at least one part of the actuator operation range, the spreading device executes a relative movement with respect to the transmission unit, wherein:
the relative movement of the spreading device is executed essentially as substantially normal to the direction of rotation of the spreading device.
4 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the spreading device has at least one contact surface,
the brake device comprises at least one abutment surface;
a minimum of at least one contact surface presses against at least one abutment surface area in at least one portion of the actuator operation area, thereby causing the spreading device to move; and
the contact surface and the abutment surface area are designed in such a way that these surface areas perform a relative movement with respect to one another.
5 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the actuator, in at least one part of the actuator operation range, rotates the spreading device via the transmission unit with an initial rotation point; and
the actuator, in at least one part of the actuator operation range, rotates the spreading device via the transmission unit with an additional rotation point; and
the position of the initial rotation point and the additional rotation point deviate from one another; and
the braking device is designed in such a way that the rotation point displacement of at least one of the initial rotation point and the additional rotation point of the spreading device is opposed by an elastic resistance.
6 . The braking device according to claim 4 , wherein:
the spreading device comprises at least two spreading device parts and at least one spreading device part is one of a pin, a spigot, and a prefabricated part;
the minimum of at least one contact surface of the spreading device is arranged at least partially on at least one of the at least two spreading device parts; and
the at least two spreading device parts are connected to one another.
7 . Braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the spreading device is designed as non-linear; and
the spreading device is rotated by the actuator via the transmission unit in a limited range of rotation, whereby the spreading device has a non-linear spreading device ratio that is not constant over at least part of the range of rotation.
8 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the transmission ratio for the transmission unit is selected in such a way that the actuator is operated in at least one partial range of its actuator operating range at an operating point that deviates from an optimal operating point of the actuator; and
the actuator is operated in at least one partial range of its actuator operating range at an operating point that deviates from an operating point of maximum power of the actuator.
9 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the transmission unit, starting from an initial position converts a movement of the actuator to a second direction for adjusting an air gap.
10 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the wear readjustment device comprises a drive unit.
11 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the braking device only comprises one actuator for braking and for wear readjustment.
12 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the actuator comprises numerous parts;
the actuator comprises a spring and an electric motor, whereby the spring and the electric motor are independent of each other; and
the spring interacts with the electric motor via the transmission unit.
13 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the transmission unit comprises a cam.
14 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the transmission ratio for the transmission unit when active can be altered by rotating a ratchet.
15 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein:
the transmission unit is designed in such a way that at least two partial sections with differently acting non-linearities are formed along the actuator operating range and that at least one non-linearity is selected from the following non-linearities:
a. Non-linearities for overcoming an air gap between brake lining and friction surface,
b. non-linearity for determining the contact point of the friction surface and the brake lining,
c. non-linearity for achieving a minimum braking effect,
d. non-linearity for generating an increasing braking torque,
e. non-linearity for operation with lowered electrical power requirement,
f. non-linearity for rapidly achieving high braking effects,
g. non-linearity for measuring parameters and setting parameters,
h. non-linearity for reducing electrical stresses and mechanical stresses during lining stroke start,
i. non-linearity for compensation for brake fading,
j. non-linearities for wear readjustment.