Antenna and electronic device
An antenna and an electronic device are provided. The antenna includes a phase shifting unit, a reference electrode layer, and an antenna substrate; the phase shifting unit includes at least one phase shifter, each includes a first transmission structure, a second transmission structure, and a phase shifting structure therebetween; the reference electrode layer is provided with at least one and second first openings; the antenna substrate includes a first dielectric substrate, and a feed structure and at least one first radiation portion on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the reference electrode layer; the feed structure includes at least one first and second feed ports; for each phase shifter, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to a corresponding second feed port through a corresponding first opening; and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to a corresponding first radiation portion through a corresponding second opening.
1. An antenna, comprising: a phase shifting unit, a reference electrode layer, and an antenna substrate which are stacked together; wherein
the phase shifting unit comprises at least one phase shifter, each of which comprises a first transmission structure, a second transmission structure, and a phase shifting structure between the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure;
the reference electrode layer is provided with at least one first opening and at least one second opening therein;
the antenna substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate, and a feed structure and at least one first radiation portion on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the reference electrode layer; the feed structure comprises at least one first feed port and at least one second feed port; and
for the phase shifter, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to a corresponding second feed port through a corresponding first opening; and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to a corresponding first radiation portion through a corresponding second opening;
wherein the phase shifting structure comprises a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and a tunable dielectric layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein
the first substrate comprises a second dielectric substrate and a first transmission line and a second transmission line on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the tunable dielectric layer; and
the second substrate comprises a third dielectric substrate and a plurality of patch electrodes on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the tunable dielectric layer, the plurality of patch electrodes are arranged side by side in an extending direction of the first transmission line, and orthographic projections of the plurality of patch electrodes on the second dielectric substrate overlap with orthographic projections of the first transmission line and the second transmission line on the second dielectric substrate.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein each of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure comprises a main line, a first branch, and a second branch; and the first branch and the second branch of the first transmission structure have a one-piece structure, the first branch and the second branch of the second transmission structure have a one-piece structure, and the first branch and the second branch of both the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure each adopt a shape of a meandering line;
the main line of the first transmission structure is coupled to a corresponding second feed port through a corresponding first opening; the first branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected to one end of the first transmission line; and the second branch of the first transmission structure is electrically connected to one end of the second transmission line; and
the main line of the second transmission structure is coupled to a corresponding first radiation portion through a corresponding second opening; the first branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the other end of the first transmission line; and the second branch of the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the other end of the second transmission line.
3. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna substrate further comprises a fourth dielectric substrate on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the reference electrode layer, and at least one second radiation portion on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate; and
orthographic projections of the second radiation portion and the first radiation portion corresponding to each other on the first dielectric substrate overlap with each other.
4. The antenna of claim 3 , further comprising a first adhesive layer between the first dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, wherein the first adhesive layer is configured to attach the first dielectric substrate to the fourth dielectric substrate.
5. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the feed structure comprises first feed lines of n stages; and
one first feed line at an (m−1)th stage is connected to two first feed lines at an m-th stage; where n≥2≤2≤m≤n, and both m and n are integers.
6. The antenna of claim 5 , further comprising a connector electrically connected to the first feed line at the first stage through the first feed port.
7. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least one first radiation portion and each of the at least one second radiation portion comprise a polygon, and any interior angle of the polygon is greater than or equal to 90°.
8. The antenna of claim 7 , wherein the polygon comprises a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side and a sixth side which are connected in sequence; an extending direction of the first side is the same as that of the fourth side, and is perpendicular to that of the second side and that of the fifth side; extending directions of the third side and the sixth side are the same, and an angle between each of the extending directions of the third side and the sixth side and the extending direction of the first side is in a range from 44.5° to 45.5°.
9. The antenna of claim 8 , wherein the first side, the second side, the fourth side and the fifth side of the first radiation portion have a same length, which is between 0.240 and 0.242 times a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna; and the third side and the sixth side of the first radiation portion have a same length, which is between 0.073 and 0.074 times of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna; and
lengths of the first side, the second side, the fourth side and the fifth side of the second radiation portion are each between 0.272 and 0.274 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna; and lengths of the third side and the sixth side of the second radiation portion are each between 0.092 and 0.094 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna.
10. The antenna of claim 9 , further comprising a plurality of first metal isolation pillars penetrating through the antenna substrate; wherein an outline of an orthographic projection of the plurality of first metal isolation pillars on the first dielectric substrate surrounds a corresponding first radiation portion.
11. The antenna of claim 8 , further comprising a plurality of first metal isolation pillars penetrating through the antenna substrate; wherein an outline of an orthographic projection of the plurality of first metal isolation pillars on the first dielectric substrate surrounds a corresponding first radiation portion.
12. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of first metal isolation pillars penetrating through the antenna substrate; wherein an outline of an orthographic projection of the plurality of first metal isolation pillars on the first dielectric substrate surrounds a corresponding first radiation portion.
13. The antenna of claim 12 , wherein a ratio of a radius of a first metal isolation pillar of the plurality of first metal isolation pillars to a distance between any two adjacent first metal isolation pillars of the plurality of first metal isolation pillars is between 0.25 and 0.5.
14. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of second metal isolation pillars penetrating through the antenna substrate; wherein an outline of an orthographic projection of the plurality of second metal isolation pillars on the first dielectric substrate surrounds a corresponding phase shifter.
15. The antenna of claim 14 , wherein a ratio of a radius of a second metal isolation pillar of the plurality of second metal isolation pillars to a distance between any two adjacent second metal isolation pillars of the plurality of second metal isolation pillars is between 0.25 and 0.5.
16. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the tunable dielectric layer is between 4.4 μm and 4.8 μm.
17. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna substrate further comprises at least two second feed lines on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the reference electrode layer; the at least two second feed lines are respectively at positions of the feed structure away from a center of the antenna substrate;
the first substrate further comprises third transmission lines on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the tunable dielectric layer; each of the at least two second feed lines is electrically connected to a corresponding third transmission line through a corresponding first opening;
the antenna substrate further comprises at least two dummy units; each of which comprises a third radiation portion on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the reference electrode layer; each of the third transmission lines is electrically connected to the third radiation portion of a corresponding dummy unit through a corresponding second opening; and
each of the at least two dummy unit further comprises a fourth radiation portion on a side of the fourth dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate; and orthographic projections of the third radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion corresponding to each other on the first dielectric substrate overlap with each other.
18. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a second adhesive layer between the reference electrode layer and the first substrate, wherein the second adhesive layer is configured to attach the reference electrode layer to the first substrate.
19. An electronic device, comprising the antenna of claim 1 , and a control unit;
wherein the control unit is configured to load a bias voltage to the at least one phase shifter in the antenna.