Methods and system for providing high-speed communication on high-speed railway
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to methods and a system for providing high-speed communications on a high-speed railway. The technical result is a better quality communication channel provided by train-to-ground radio relay links. The claimed system for providing high-speed communications on a high-speed railway comprises an internal and an external data exchange network. The internal network unites tail-end radio frequency modules mounted in the rear part of a train and equipped with narrow-band antennae, head-end radio frequency modules mounted in the front part of the train and equipped with narrow-band antennae, and switching equipment capable of processing signals from said modules and of providing network devices connected to said equipment with access to the external data exchange network. The external data exchange network unites base stations equipped with narrow-band antennae, said base stations being capable of establishing communication with the tail-end and head-end radio frequency modules in the train and being arranged in proximity to the railway clearance along the path of travel of the train. The antennae of the base stations and of the radio frequency modules in the train are configured to radiate radio waves in a short millimeter wave band.
1 . A method for providing high-speed communication on a high-speed railway, in which base stations connected to an external data transmission network are installed along a route of a train, equipped with narrow beam antennas and are capable of communicating with head and tail radio frequency modules installed on the train, equipped with narrow beam antennas and integrated into an internal data transmission network,
wherein a location of the base stations relative to a railway gauge provides for direct visibility between the antennas of the base stations and the antennas of the radio frequency modules installed on the train, and
wherein a pre-determined distance between base stations is selected in accordance with a corresponding first Fresnel Zone calculation, the first Fresnel zone being free of obstacles the method includes the following steps:
emit radio waves in a range of short millimeter waves on the antennas of the base stations and the radio frequency modules of a moving train;
establish a communication channel between a first head module and the base station closest to said first head module located ahead and a communication channel between a first tail module and the base station closest to said tail module located behind;
before the train has passed by the base station located ahead, a communication channel is established between a second head module and a next base station closest to the train;
after the train's tail part has passed by the base station, which was located ahead of the train, a communication channel is established between a second tail module and this base station;
with radio signals, an exchange of which is carried out through the established communication channels, processed on a switching equipment connected with the radio frequency modules, and an access of network devices on the train to the external data transmission network is provided.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the antennas of the first and the second head modules are oriented in the direction of the base stations ahead of the moving train, and the antennas of the first and second tail modules are oriented in the direction of the base stations behind the train.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the antennas of the base stations are tuned to emit narrow beamwidth waves.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the communication channels between the base stations and the modules installed on the railway train are set in full duplex mode with frequency and polarization multiplexing.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein radio waves are emitted in one of the radio frequency bands selected from the group V-Band, E-Band, W-Band, F-Band, D-Band.
6 . A method for providing high-speed communication on a high-speed railway, in which base stations connected to an external data transmission network are installed along a route of the train, the base stations being equipped with narrow beam antennas and being capable of communicating with head and tail radio frequency modules installed on the train, the head and tail radio frequency modules being equipped with narrow beam antennas and integrated into an internal data transmission network,
the base stations location relative to the railway gauge provides for direct visibility between the antennas of the base stations and the antennas of the radio frequency modules installed on the train, and
wherein a pre-determined distance between base stations is selected in accordance with a corresponding first Fresnel Zone calculation, the first Fresnel zone being free of obstacles, the method includes the following steps:
emit radio waves in the range of short millimeter waves on the antennas of the base stations and the radio frequency modules of a moving train;
establish communication channels between a first head module, a first tail module and the base station closest to them located behind, while establishing a communication channel between a second head module and a nearest base station located ahead;
before the train head has passed by the base station located ahead, a communication channel is established between a second tail module and this base station located ahead of the train tail, with which the second head module was in communication;
with radio signals, an exchange of which is carried out through the established communication channels, processed on a switching equipment connected with the radio frequency modules, and an access of network devices on the train to the external data transmission network is provided.
7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the antennas of the first head and first tail modules are oriented towards the base stations located behind the moving train, and the antennas of the second head and second tail modules are oriented towards the base stations located ahead of the train.
8 . A system for providing high-speed communication on a high-speed railway, which includes
internal and external data exchange networks, wherein the internal network combines tail radio frequency modules installed on a tail of the train, equipped with narrow beam antennas,
head radio frequency modules installed on a head of the train, equipped with narrow beam antennas, and
switching equipment capable of processing signals from the head radio frequency modules and the tail radio frequency modules and providing connected network devices with access to the external data exchange network;
the external data exchange network combines base stations with narrow beam antennas,
wherein the base stations are able to establish communication with the tail radio frequency modules and head radio frequency modules of the train and are installed along a route of the train in such a way that the location of the base stations relative to a railway gauge provides for direct visibility between the narrow beam antennas of the base stations and the narrow beam antennas of the radio frequency modules installed on the train;
wherein a pre-determined distance between base stations is selected in accordance with a corresponding first Fresnel Zone calculation, the first Fresnel zone being free of obstacles,
wherein the narrow beam antennas of the base stations and the radio frequency modules installed on the train are tuned to emit radio waves in a range of short millimeter waves.
9 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the antennas of the head frequency modules are oriented in the direction of the base stations ahead of the moving train, and the antennas of the tail frequency modules are oriented in the direction of the base stations behind the train.
10 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the antennas of a first head module and a first tail module are oriented in the direction of the base stations ahead of the moving train, and the antennas of a second head module and a second tail module are oriented in the direction of the base stations behind the train.
11 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the base stations are placed on supports of the railway overhead system.
12 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the base stations are placed on the supports between the boundary of the railway gauge and nearest supports of the railway overhead system.
13 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the base stations are networked by fiber-optic communication line.
14 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein each base station and each of the radio frequency modules installed on the train consists of several devices that provide switching, routing, reception and transmission of radio signals.