Energy storage and delivery system and method
An energy storage and delivery system includes an elevator cage, where the elevator cage is operable to move one or more blocks from a lower elevation to a higher elevation to store energy (e.g., via the potential energy of the block in the higher elevation) and operable to move one or more blocks from the higher elevation to the lower elevation (e.g., by gravity) to generate electricity (e.g., via the kinetic energy of the block when moved to the lower elevation). The blocks are moved between the lower elevation and the higher elevation by an equal vertical distance.
1. An energy storage and delivery system, comprising:
one or more modules, each module comprising:
a frame having a vertical height above a foundation defined by a plurality of rows that extend horizontally, the frame comprising:
an upper section having a first set of rows, each of the first set of rows configured to receive and support a plurality of blocks thereon;
a lower section having a second set of rows, each of the second set of rows configured to receive and support the plurality of blocks thereon;
an intermediate section between the upper section and the lower section;
a pair of elevator shafts disposed on opposite ends of the plurality of rows; and
an elevator cage assembly movably disposed in each of the pair of elevator shafts and operatively coupled to an electric motor-generator, the elevator cage assembly sized to receive and support one or more blocks therein;
wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to pick-up and move one or more blocks from alternating rows of the second set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the first set of rows to store and amount of electrical energy corresponding to a potential energy amount of said blocks, and wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to pick up and move one or more blocks from alternating rows of the first set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the second set of rows under a force of gravity to generate an amount of electricity, the elevator cage assembly moving said blocks between each of the second set of rows and each of the corresponding first set of rows along a same vertical distance.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a lift drive system for moving the elevator cage assembly, wherein the lift drive system comprises an electric motor-generator having a shaft over which one or more cables that couple to the elevator cage assembly extend, the one or more cables extending around a pulley disposed vertically above the elevator cage assembly to maintain the one or more cables orientated substantially vertically as the elevator cage assembly moves up and down the elevator shaft to inhibit applying a moment on the elevator cage assembly.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move the blocks between the first set of rows and the second set of rows so that an average distribution of load on the foundation of the module remains substantially constant.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a plurality of columns defined by one or more pillars that support pairs of beams thereon, each pair of beams defining a row in the first set of rows and the second set of rows that extends orthogonal to the columns, the pair of beams configured to support the blocks on a top surface thereof, each pair of beams having a longitudinal channel below the top surface.
5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a plurality of cross-members that extend between the columns and provide diagonal bracing therebetween along a length of the rows.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein each row in one or both of the first set of rows and the second set of rows comprises a trolley movably coupled between the pair of beams that define the row, wherein the trolley is configured to extend between the channels of the pair of beams that define the row and travel below the blocks disposed on the pair of beams that define the row, wherein the trolley is operable to lift a block above the pair of beams and move said block horizontally along the row.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the trolley comprises wheel assemblies that extend within the channel of the pair of beams, a trolley frame that extends between the pair of beams, and support pistons operable to lift the block above the pair of beams for horizontal movement of the block along the row and operable to lower the block onto the pair of beams to fix a position of the block on the row.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the elevator cage assembly comprises an elevator cage movably coupled to a base, the elevator cage configured to move laterally relative to the base to facilitate positioning of a bottom support of the elevator cage under a block to pick up the block.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the elevator cage picks-up the block from a row by actuating one or more support members movably coupled to the bottom support of the elevator cage to lift the block off the pair of beams of the row.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the elevator cage assembly comprises a sliding mechanism interposed between the base and the elevator cage that includes a linear actuator actuatable to move the elevator cage laterally relative to the base of the elevator cage assembly.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modules are four modules in a square arrangement in plan view so that the rows of each module extend orthogonal to the rows in adjacent modules to thereby provide the four modules with automatic bracing against wind and seismic forces.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modules are two modules arranged in-line, wherein the rows of each module are substantially aligned.
13. An energy storage and delivery system, comprising:
a frame having a vertical height above a foundation defined by a plurality of rows that extend horizontally, the frame comprising:
an upper section having a first set of rows, each of the first set of rows configured to receive and support a plurality of blocks;
a lower section having a second set of rows, each of the second set of rows configured to receive and support the plurality of blocks;
an intermediate section between the upper section and the lower section; and
a pair of elevator shafts disposed on opposite ends of the plurality of rows;
a trolley movably coupled to each row in one or both of the first set of rows and the second set of rows, the trolley operable to travel beneath the blocks in the row and configured to lift a block for movement of said block horizontally along the row; and
an elevator cage assembly movably disposed in each of the pair of elevator shafts and operatively coupled to an electric motor-generator, the elevator cage assembly sized to hold and support the block therein while moving along the elevator shaft, the elevator cage assembly comprising an elevator cage movably coupled to a base via a sliding mechanism, the sliding mechanism comprising a linear actuator selectively actuatable to laterally displace the elevator cage relative to the base of the elevator cage assembly;
wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move one or more blocks from alternating rows of the second set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the first set of rows to store and amount of electrical energy corresponding to a potential energy amount of said blocks, and wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move one or more of the blocks from alternating rows of the first set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the second set of rows under a force of gravity to generate an amount of electricity, the elevator cage assembly moving said blocks between each of the second set of rows and each of the corresponding first set of rows along a same vertical distance.
14. The system of claim 13 , further comprising a lift drive system for moving the elevator cage assembly, wherein the lift drive system comprises an electric motor-generator having a shaft over which one or more cables that couple to the elevator cage assembly extend, the one or more cables extending around a pulley disposed vertically above the elevator cage assembly to maintain the one or more cables orientated substantially vertically as the elevator cage assembly moves up and down the frame to inhibit applying a moment on the elevator cage assembly.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the pulley is actuatable to move laterally as the elevator cage moves relative to the base of the elevator cage assembly to maintain the one or more cables oriented substantially vertically as the elevator cage moves in and out relative to a row to inhibit applying a moment on the elevator cage.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the elevator cage in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move the blocks between the first set of rows and the second set of rows so that an average distribution of load on the foundation of the frame remains substantially constant.
17. The system of claim 13 , wherein each row in one or both of the first set of rows and the second set of rows is defined by a pair of beams, wherein the trolley movably coupled between the pair of beams.
18. An energy storage and delivery system, comprising:
a frame having a vertical height above a foundation defined by a plurality of rows that extend horizontally, the frame comprising:
an upper section having a first set of rows, each of the first set of rows configured to receive and support a plurality of blocks;
a lower section having a second set of rows, each of the second set of rows configured to receive and support the plurality of blocks;
an intermediate section between the upper section and the lower section; and
a pair of elevator shafts disposed on opposite ends of the plurality of rows; and
an elevator cage assembly movably disposed in each of the pair of elevator shafts and operatively coupled to an electric motor-generator, the elevator cage assembly sized to hold and support the block therein while moving along the elevator shaft, the elevator cage assembly comprising an elevator cage movably coupled to a base to allow for lateral displacement of the elevator cage relative to the base;
wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move one or more blocks from alternating rows of the second set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the first set of rows to store and amount of electrical energy corresponding to a potential energy amount of said blocks, and wherein the elevator cage assembly in each of the pair of elevator shafts is operable to move one or more of the blocks from alternating rows of the first set of rows to corresponding alternating rows of the second set of rows under a force of gravity to generate an amount of electricity.
19. The system of claim 18 , further comprising a lift drive system for moving the elevator cage assembly, wherein the lift drive system comprises an electric motor-generator having a shaft over which one or more cables that couple to the elevator cage assembly extend, the one or more cables extending around a pulley disposed vertically above the elevator cage assembly to maintain the one or more cables orientated substantially vertically as the elevator cage assembly moves up and down the frame to inhibit applying a moment on the elevator cage assembly.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the pulley is actuatable to move laterally as the elevator cage moves relative to the base of the elevator cage assembly to maintain the one or more cables oriented substantially vertically as the elevator cage moves in and out relative to a row to inhibit applying a moment on the elevator cage.