Air pressure energy recovery and air/fuel/reformate storage during vehicle deceleration for active prechamber operation

1. An engine system, comprising:

an engine, comprising:

a combustion chamber comprising an intake port and an exhaust port;

a piston movably disposed in the combustion chamber;

a prechamber adjacent to and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber;

an exhaust line fluidly connected to the exhaust port;

a storage tank fluidly connected to the prechamber via a purge line;

a prechamber valve provided along the purge line; and

a diversion line fluidly connecting the exhaust line to the storage tank via an exhaust diversion valve.

2. The engine system of claim 1 , wherein a reforming catalyst is disposed along the diversion line between the exhaust diversion valve and the storage tank.

3. The engine system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion chamber is formed in a first cylinder in an engine block of the engine, and wherein the engine further comprises:

at least one additional cylinder;

an additional combustion chamber formed in each of the at least one additional cylinder; and

an additional prechamber adjacent to and in fluid communication with the additional combustion chamber,

wherein the purge line comprises a branch line fluidly connected to the additional prechamber, and

wherein an additional prechamber valve is provided along the branch line.

4. The engine system of claim 1 , wherein the prechamber valve is a check valve.

5. The engine system of claim 1 , further comprising a hybrid motor configured to move the piston within the combustion chamber.

6. A method, comprising:

providing an engine with a combustion chamber fluidly connected to a prechamber;

providing a storage tank fluidly connected to the prechamber via a purge line;

charging the storage tank with gas from the combustion chamber to a desired pressure using a prechamber valve during a deceleration fuel cut off (DFCO) period of the engine;

opening the prechamber valve;

discharging the gas from the storage tank;

directing the discharged gas through the purge line to the prechamber; and

purging the prechamber.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the engine further comprises an exhaust line fluidly connected to the combustion chamber via an exhaust port and fluidly connected to the storage tank via a diversion line, and wherein charging the storage tank with gas comprises using an exhaust diversion valve to direct gas flowing through the exhaust line to the storage tank via the diversion line.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

injecting fuel into the combustion chamber during the DFCO period of the engine without igniting the fuel,

wherein the gas from the engine comprises an air fuel mixture; and

after charging the storage tank, moving the exhaust diversion valve to close flow to the diversion line and allow flow to exit through the exhaust line.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein charging the storage tank with gas comprises using the prechamber valve to direct the gas flowing through the prechamber during a compression stoke of the engine through the purge line to the storage tank.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the gas comprises fresh air.

11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the gas comprises an air fuel mixture.

12. The method of claim 6 , further comprising charging the storage tank during one or more non-DFCO periods of the engine with combustion gas pumped from the combustion chamber to the storage tank by a hybrid motor.

13. The method of claim 6 , further comprising recharging the storage tank during a second DFCO period of the engine.

14. The method of claim 6 , wherein charging the storage tank is faster than discharging the gas from the storage tank.

15. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:

fueling one or more cylinders of the engine during the DFCO period of the engine to produce an unburned, premixed air fuel mixture;

directing the unburned, premixed air fuel mixture to the storage tank through an exhaust line and an exhaust diversion valve to the storage tank;

holding the unburned, premixed air fuel mixture in the storage tank; and

injecting the unburned, premixed air fuel mixture into the prechamber via the purge line.

16. A method, comprising:

providing an engine with a combustion chamber fluidly connected to a prechamber and fluidly connected to a storage tank via an exhaust line;

performing a fuel reforming process;

charging the storage tank with gas to a desired pressure using a prechamber valve during a deceleration fuel cut off (DFCO) period of the engine;

opening the prechamber valve;

discharging the gas from the storage tank;

directing the gas through a purge line to the prechamber; and

purging the prechamber.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein performing the fuel reforming process comprises directing the gas through a reforming catalyst fluidly connected between an exhaust diversion valve and the storage tank along a diversion line.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein performing the fuel reforming process comprises performing an in-cylinder fuel reforming process.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the gas is an air fuel mixture or a reformate mixture.