High-carbon recovered paper and plastic materials with reduced endotoxin levels
Provided herein are composite materials comprising at least 70 wt. % thermally consolidated recovered paper and plastic fragments and less than 5,000 ng water-soluble endotoxin per gram of composite materials, as well as methods of preparing said composite materials and methods of sanitizing recovered waste materials.
1. A method to sanitize recovered waste materials, the method comprising:
treating a mixture comprising recovered waste materials with a multifunctional aldehyde to obtain sanitized recovered waste materials,
wherein the recovered waste materials comprise gram-negative bacteria; and
wherein the sanitized recovered waste materials comprise polymerization product of the multifunctional aldehyde and cross-linked endotoxin.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional aldehyde is selected from the group consisting of malondialdehyde, succinic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, phthalaldehyde, or a combination of two or more thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional aldehyde is at least partially in the form of a urea-aldehyde adduct.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the urea-aldehyde adduct has a molar ratio of urea to multifunctional aldehyde of less than about 1.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is treated with the multifunctional aldehyde in an amount of about 200 ppm to about 4,000 ppm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovered waste materials further comprise paper fragments or plastic fragments, or a combination thereof and the paper fragments or the plastic fragments, or the combination thereof comprise the gram-negative bacteria.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the paper fragments or the plastic fragments, or the combination thereof are present in the recovered waste materials in an amount of about 70 wt. % to about 99 wt. %.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising conditioning the mixture at standard pressure for at least 5 minutes after the treating step.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the conditioning is performed at a temperature of about 50° F. to about 90° F.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the conditioning is performed for at least 30 minutes.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the conditioning is performed for about 5 minutes to about 120 minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sanitized recovered waste materials further comprise less than about 5,000 ng of water-soluble endotoxin per gram of the sanitized recovered waste materials.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sanitized recovered waste materials further comprise less than about 1,000 ng of water-soluble endotoxin per gram of the sanitized recovered waste materials.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovered waste materials are recovered from one or more waste streams selected from municipal solid waste, materials recycling facility residuals, post-commercial waste, and construction and demolition waste.