Bi-cylindrical piezoelectric actuated optical lens
A liquid lens with flexible transparent active layers on both sides of a fluid is transformed along two distinct deformation axes. The flexible transparent active layers include piezoelectric materials that actuate the lens in response to applied voltage(s). The piezoelectric properties and actuation mechanism of the transparent layers are arranged to deform the lens cylindrically along different axes resulting in a net spherical deformation or a combination of spherical and cylindrical deformation with substantially less distortion than spherically deforming layers. The piezoelectric active layers may be polymer or ceramic with isotropic or anisotropic mechanical stiffness. Alternatively, a pair of transparent, internal layers are positioned between the front and rear surfaces. The active layers, front and/or rear, are dual layers affixed together with an adhesive or single layers.
1 . A transformable optical lens, comprising:
a fluid layer; and
two transparent active layers surrounding the fluid layer on opposite surfaces and each transparent active layer comprising:
one or more cylindrically deformable piezoelectric layers; and
electrodes for the piezoelectric layers, wherein deformation axes of the two transparent active layers are at a non-parallel angle to each other, and wherein each transparent active layer comprises two or more cylindrically deformable piezoelectric layers affixed together by one or more adhesive layers.
2 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein each piezoelectric layer comprises an isotropic polymer layer.
3 . The transformable optical lens of claim 2 , wherein the polymer layer has a near-zero or zero piezoelectric coupling factor d32.
4 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric layers comprise an anisotropic ceramic layer.
5 . The transformable optical lens of claim 4 , wherein the piezoelectric layers comprise two ceramic layers with equal and opposite signed piezoelectric coupling factors d32 to achieve a near-zero or zero combined piezoelectric coupling factor.
6 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein the deformation axes of the two transparent active layers are orthogonal to each other.
7 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein an initial state of the transformable optical lens is flat or curved.
8 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein the two transparent active layers are arranged to introduce a-cylinder deformation to reduce an optical distortion.
9 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein each of the two transparent active layers are arranged to introduce a non-zero spherical deformation that is smaller in magnitude than a cylindrical deformation.
10 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein the two transparent active layers are arranged to introduce a non-zero net cylindrical deformation, in addition to a net spherical deformation.
11 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein a voltage applied to each piezoelectric layer is distinct from voltages applied to other piezoelectric layers.
12 . The transformable optical lens of claim 1 , wherein a profile of a voltage application to each piezoelectric layer is time varying, and the profile of the voltage is selected based on one or more of a user discomfort level, a user age, or a user lens prescription.
13 . A transformable optical lens, comprising:
two fluid layers;
one or more transparent internal layers separating the two fluid layers; and
two transparent active layers surrounding outside surfaces of the two fluid layers and each transparent active layer comprising:
two or more cylindrically deformable piezoelectric layers affixed together by one or more adhesive layers; and
electrodes for the piezoelectric layers, wherein deformation axes of the two transparent active layers are at a non-parallel angle to each other.
14 . The transformable optical lens of claim 13 , wherein the two fluid layers are in fluidic contact with each other through the one or more internal layers.
15 . The transformable optical lens of claim 13 , wherein the two or more piezoelectric layers comprise:
an isotropic polymer layer with a near-zero or zero piezoelectric coupling factor d32; or
an anisotropic ceramic layer with equal and opposite signed piezoelectric coupling factors d32 to achieve a near-zero or zero combined piezoelectric coupling factor.
16 . The transformable optical lens of claim 13 , wherein
the deformation axes of the two transparent active layers are orthogonal to each other, or the two transparent active layers are made from different materials.
17 . A method, comprising:
attaching two or more cylindrically deformable piezoelectric layers and respective electrodes for the piezoelectric layers together with one or more adhesive layers to form two transparent active layers; and
attaching the two transparent active layers to opposite surfaces of a lens fluid container to form a transformable optical lens, wherein deformation axes of the two transparent active layers are at a non-parallel angle to each other.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
arranging the deformation axes of the two transparent active layers orthogonal to each other.
19 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
setting an initial state of the transformable optical lens to flat or curved.