Cryogenic cooling system for an aircraft
An engine-driven cryogenic cooling system for an aircraft includes a first air cycle machine, a second air cycle machine, and a means for condensing a chilled air stream into liquid air for an aircraft use. The first air cycle machine includes a plurality of components operably coupled to a gearbox of a gas turbine engine and configured to produce a cooling air stream based on a first engine bleed source of the gas turbine engine. The second air cycle machine is operable to output the chilled air stream at a cryogenic temperature based on a second engine bleed source cooled by the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine.
1. An engine-driven cryogenic cooling system for an aircraft, the engine-driven cryogenic cooling system comprising:
a first air cycle machine comprising a plurality of components operably coupled to a gearbox of a gas turbine engine and configured to produce a cooling air stream from a first engine bleed source of the gas turbine engine;
a second air cycle machine operable to output a chilled air stream at a cryogenic temperature from a second engine bleed source cooled by the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine; and
a means for condensing the chilled air stream into liquid air for an aircraft use.
2. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the components of the first air cycle machine comprise a first compressor section and a first turbine section, and the second air cycle machine comprises a second compressor section and a second turbine section.
3. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 2 , wherein the first compressor section comprises a first compressor wheel operably coupled to the gearbox, the first turbine section comprises one or more turbine wheels operably coupled to the gearbox, and the gearbox is operably coupled to a tower shaft of the gas turbine engine.
4. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 3 , further comprising:
an air-air heat exchanger interposed in fluid communication between the first engine bleed source and the first compressor wheel; and
a fuel-air heat exchanger interposed in fluid communication between the air-air heat exchanger and a first turbine wheel of the first turbine section.
5. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 4 , wherein an output of the first turbine wheel is selectively provided to a first cooling use of the aircraft, and a second turbine wheel in fluid communication with the first turbine wheel is operable to output the cooling air stream that is selectively provided to a second cooling use and the second air cycle machine.
6. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 4 , further comprising:
a selection valve interposed in fluid communication between the air-air heat exchanger and the fuel-air heat exchanger, the selection valve operable to direct an output of the air-air heat exchanger to the first compressor wheel or the fuel-air heat exchanger; and
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first compressor wheel, a high pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine, and a turbine cooling air input between the high pressure compressor and a combustor of the gas turbine engine.
7. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 2 , further comprising:
a heat exchanger system operable to pre-cool an air flow from the second engine bleed source prior to entry into the second compressor section of the second air cycle machine and cool the air flow after exiting the second compressor section; and
a cooling fan operably coupled to the second compressor section and configured to urge a heat exchanger cooling flow across the heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger cooling flow comprising the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine.
8. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 7 , wherein the heat exchanger cooling flow provides a cooling source for the aircraft after crossing the heat exchanger system.
9. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 2 , wherein the means for condensing the chilled air stream comprises:
a vacuum system configured to receive the chilled air stream and maintain one or more exit conditions of the second turbine section;
a liquid air condensate pump system operable to urge the liquid air through a feeder line; and
a cryogenic liquid reservoir operably coupled to the feeder line for the aircraft use.
10. The engine-driven cryogenic cooling system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a vacuum pump vent operably coupled to the vacuum system operable to the selectively release the chilled air stream for an aircraft cooling use as a cooling fluid.
11. A method comprising:
driving rotation of a plurality of components of a first air cycle machine through a gearbox operably coupled to a shaft of a gas turbine engine to produce a cooling air stream from a first engine bleed source of the gas turbine engine;
outputting a chilled air stream at a cryogenic temperature from a second air cycle machine from a second engine bleed source cooled by the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine; and
condensing the chilled air stream into liquid air for an aircraft use.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a first compressor section of the first air cycle machine comprises a first compressor wheel operably coupled to the gearbox, a first turbine section of the first air cycle machine comprises one or more turbine wheels operably coupled to the gearbox, and the second air cycle machine comprises a second compressor section and a second turbine section.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
selectively passing a bleed air flow from the engine bleed source through an air-air heat exchanger interposed in fluid communication between the first engine bleed source and the first compressor wheel; and
selectively passing the bleed air flow from the air-air heat exchanger to the through a fuel-air heat exchanger interposed in fluid communication between the air-air heat exchanger and a first turbine wheel of the first turbine section.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
selectively providing an output of the first turbine wheel to a first cooling use of the aircraft; and
selectively providing the cooling air stream from a second turbine wheel in fluid communication with the first turbine wheel to a second cooling use and the second air cycle machine.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
controlling a selection valve interposed in fluid communication between the air-air heat exchanger and the fuel-air heat exchanger to direct an output of the air-air heat exchanger to the first compressor wheel or the fuel-air heat exchanger; and
mixing a plurality of flows from the first compressor wheel and a high pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine to provide a turbine cooling air input between the high pressure compressor and a combustor of the gas turbine engine.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
pre-cooling, by a heat exchanger system, an air flow from the second engine bleed source prior to entry into the second compressor section of the second air cycle machine;
cooling, by the heat exchanger system, the air flow after exiting the second compressor section;
urging, by a cooling fan, a heat exchanger cooling flow across the heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger cooling flow comprising the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine; and
providing the heat exchanger cooling flow as a cooling source for the aircraft after crossing the heat exchanger system.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein condensing the chilled air stream further comprising:
receiving the chilled air stream at a vacuum system and maintaining one or more exit conditions of the second turbine section;
urging the liquid air, by a liquid air condensate pump system, through a feeder line; and
collecting the liquid air in a cryogenic liquid reservoir for the aircraft use.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
selectively releasing, by a vacuum pump vent operably coupled to the vacuum system, the chilled air stream for an aircraft cooling use as a cooling fluid.
19. A system for an aircraft, the system comprising:
a gas turbine engine operable to produce thrust for the aircraft;
a means for cryogenically cooling the aircraft; and
a means for transferring energy from the gas turbine engine to the means for cryogenically cooling the aircraft comprising:
a first air cycle machine comprising a plurality of components operably coupled to the gearbox and configured to produce a cooling air stream from a first engine bleed source of the gas turbine engine;
a second air cycle machine operable to output a chilled air stream at a cryogenic temperature from a second engine bleed source cooled by the cooling air stream of the first air cycle machine; and
a liquid air collection system operable to condense the chilled air stream into liquid air for an aircraft use.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the components of the first air cycle machine comprise a first compressor section and first turbine section, wherein the first compressor section comprises a first compressor wheel operably coupled to the gearbox, the first turbine section of the first air cycle machine comprises one or more turbine wheels operably coupled to the gearbox, and the second air cycle machine comprises a second compressor section and a second turbine section.