Transducer comprising a diaphragm for use with hydrogen-containing fluid media
A transducer for determining a pressure of a hydrogen-containing fluid medium confined in a first space includes a pressure side end configured to be disposed facing the fluid medium. The transducer includes a housing, which defines a second space, and a measuring arrangement disposed in the second space. The pressure side end includes a diaphragm configured and disposed for hermetically separating the first space from the second space. The diaphragm includes a metallic material that is made of a high-alloy martensite.
1 . A system for determining a pressure of a hydrogen-containing fluid medium, the system defining a main axis and comprising:
a hydrogen-containing fluid medium disposed in a first space;
a transducer that includes:
a pressure side end configured to be disposed to face the fluid medium and including a metallic diaphragm extending in a plane generally normal to the main axis;
a housing, which defines a second space;
a measuring arrangement disposed in the second space;
wherein the diaphragm is configured and disposed for hermetically separating the first space from the second space;
wherein the diaphragm defines a thickness measured parallel to the main axis and includes a metallic material made of a high-alloy martensite;
wherein the content of the metallic material includes more than 5% by weight of at least one of the elements chromium or molybdenum or nickel;
wherein the thickness of the diaphragm does not exceed 500 micrometers; and
wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has an average grain size of less than 20 μm.
2 . The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is made of a high-alloy martensite with partially coherent precipitates.
3 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is made of a high-alloy lath martensite with partially coherent precipitates.
4 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material is resistant to hydrogen corrosion; and wherein the metallic material is not permeable to atomic hydrogen with a leakage rate of the diaphragm for hydrogen of less than 10 −6 mbar l/s, and wherein the diaphragm thickness is at most 500 μm.
5 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a chromium content of at least 10% by weight.
6 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is configured to be suitable for the production of thin-walled diaphragms with geometric dimensions of thickness less than 500 μm.
7 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a residual austenite content of between 0% and 30% by volume.
8 . The transducer of claim 7 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a residual austenite content greater than 1% by volume.
9 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a yield strength of at least 600 MPa and at most 1500 MPa.
10 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a chromium content of at least 10% by weight and a nickel content of at least 4% by weight; and wherein the proportion by weight of non-metals is less than 0.20% by weight; and wherein the material of the diaphragm has a coefficient of thermal expansion between 10·10 −6 K −1 and 11.3·10 −6 K −1 , in the temperature range between 20° C. and 100° C.
11 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm defines a corrugation in a surface of the metallic material configured and disposed to face the fluid medium in the first space; wherein a notch stress attributable to the corrugation is less than 1500 MPa, or wherein the corrugation is defined by transitions between two non-parallel planes, and wherein the transitions have radii of at least 100 μm and/or facets of at least 30 μm.
12 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm defines a surface quality at least in a region which is configured to be disposed in contact with the fluid medium in the first space during use with a mean roughness index Ra of less than 0.8 μm.
13 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a hardness according to Rockwell C between 38 and 50 HRC.
14 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the housing and the diaphragm are connected by a material bonding connection; wherein the diaphragm has a first region which is configured to be in contact with the fluid medium during use; wherein the diaphragm has a second region which is configured so as not to be in contact with the fluid medium during use; and wherein the material bonding connection is positioned in the second region.
15 . The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is made of a high-alloy martensite with partially incoherent precipitates.
16 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is made of a high-alloy lath martensite with partially incoherent precipitates.
17 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a residual austenite content of between 0% and 10% by volume.
18 . The transducer of claim 17 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm has a residual austenite content greater than 1% by volume.
19 . The transducer of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material of the diaphragm is of quenched and tempered grade 1.4418 steel having a yield strength of less than or equal to 900 MPa at room temperature; and wherein the material of the diaphragm has a coefficient of thermal expansion between 10·10 −6 K −1 and 11.3·10 −6 K −1 , in the temperature range between 20° C. and 100° C.