Capacitor embedded rogowski current detection
An electrical power converter ( 1, 1′, 1 ″) includes a DC link capacitor ( 3, 3′, 3 ″) configured for connection to a DC power source to provide an input load, at least one pair of semiconductor switches ( 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 a′, 2 b′, 2 a″, 2 b″) connected in parallel with the DC link capacitor ( 3, 3′, 3 ″) and positioned on either side of an output load terminal ( 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 a′, 10 b′, 10 a″, 10 b″). The electrical power converter ( 1, 1′, 1 ″) further includes an inductive current sensor ( 12, 12′, 12″ ), arranged to sense a primary current from a terminal of the DC link capacitor ( 3, 3′, 3″ ), and a detection circuit ( 14 ), connected to the inductive current sensor ( 12, 12′, 12″ ) and arranged to monitor for an over-current condition, and to produce an output which causes at least one of the pair of semiconductor switches ( 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 a′, 2 b′, 2 a″, 2 b″) to be switched to a non-conducting state when an over-current condition is detected.
1 . An electrical power converter, comprising:
a DC link capacitor configured for connection to a DC power source to provide an input load;
at least one pair of semiconductor switches connected in parallel with the DC link capacitor and positioned on either side of an output load terminal;
an inductive current sensor configured to sense a primary current from a terminal of the DC link capacitor, wherein the inductive current sensor is embedded within the DC link capacitor or a printed circuit board on which the terminal of the DC link capacitor is mounted; and
a detection circuit connected to the inductive current sensor and configured to monitor for an over-current condition and to produce an output that causes one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches to be switched to a non-conducting state when the over-current condition is detected.
2 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the inductive current sensor is a Rogowski current sensor.
3 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein:
the inductive current sensor is embedded within the printed circuit board; and
the printed circuit board includes a harness connector configured to provide, via an optical connection, the output produced by the detection circuit.
4 . The electrical power converter of claim 3 , wherein the printed circuit board further comprises the detection circuit.
5 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the detection circuit comprises an integrator configured to integrate a secondary current generated in the inductive current sensor by the primary current.
6 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the detection circuit comprises a comparator configured to compare a secondary current generated in the inductive current sensor by the primary current to a threshold.
7 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , further comprising at least one driver configured to control switching of the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches, wherein the detection circuit is connected to the driver and is configured to disable the driver when the over-current condition is detected.
8 . The electrical power converter of claim 7 , wherein the at least one driver is configured to:
receive a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal from a pulse width modulator;
control switching of the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches to produce an alternating current output based on the PWM signal; and
in response to receiving the output produced by the detection circuit, stop making the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches conductive.
9 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , further comprising a grounding portion, which comprises a ground connection, wherein the detection circuit is connected to the grounding portion and is configured to connect the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches to the ground connection when the over-current condition is detected.
10 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pair of semiconductor switches comprises silicon carbide switches.
11 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the electrical power converter comprises more than one DC link capacitor, and more than one inductive current sensor, wherein each inductive current sensor is configured to sense a primary current from a terminal of a respective DC link capacitor.
12 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the electrical power converter is a direct-current to alternating-current three phase inverter.
13 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the electrical power converter is configured to provide a power of at least one kW.
14 . An aircraft power source, comprising the electrical power converter of claim 1 .
15 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , further comprising:
a grounding circuit that includes a ground connection, the grounding circuit connected to control logic of the detection circuit;
wherein the control logic is configured to connect gate terminals of the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches to the ground connection when the over-current condition is detected.
16 . The electrical power converter of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of the at least one pair of semiconductor switches comprise enhancement-type switches configured to be non-conducting at a zero gate-source voltage.
17 . A capacitor comprising:
terminals configured to connect to a DC power source; and
an inductive current sensor embedded in the capacitor, wherein the inductive current sensor comprises a coil wrapped around one of the terminals.
18 . The capacitor of claim 17 , further comprising a detection circuit connected to the inductive current sensor and configured to monitor for an over-current condition and to produce an output.
19 . The capacitor of claim 18 , wherein the detection circuit comprises:
an integrator configured to integrate a secondary current generated in the inductive current sensor, the secondary current induced as a result of a primary current from the one of the terminals that the coil is wrapped around; and
a comparator configured to receive an integrated signal from the integrator and compare the integrated signal to a threshold voltage.
20 . The capacitor of claim 19 , wherein the detection circuit further comprises a control logic configured to:
receive a comparison result from the comparator; and
provide, to a harness connector, the output produced by the detection circuit based on the comparison result, the output configured to disable a driver connected to the detection circuit via the harness connector when the over-current condition is detected.