Cathodes and electrolytes for rechargeable magnesium batteries and methods of manufacture
The invention relates to Chevrel-phase materials and methods of preparing these materials utilizing a precursor approach. The Chevrel-phase materials are useful in assembling electrodes, e.g., cathodes, for use in electrochemical cells, such as rechargeable batteries. The Chevrel-phase materials have a general formula of Mo 6 Z 8 (Z=sulfur) or Mo 6 Z 1 8-y Z 2 y (Z 1 =sulfur; Z 2 =selenium), and partially cuprated Cu 1 Mo 6 S 8 as well as partially de-cuprated Cu 1-x Mg x Mo 6 S 8 and the precursors have a general formula of M x Mo 6 Z 8 or M x Mo 6 Z 1 8-y Z 2 y , M=Cu. The cathode containing the Chevrel-phase material in accordance with the invention can be combined with a magnesium-containing anode and an electrolyte.
1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
an alkali-metal-containing anode;
a cathode, comprising:
a Chevrel-phase material of a formula Mo 6 Z 1 8-y Z 2 y derived from a precursor material of a formula M x Mo 6 Z 1 8-y Z 2 y , wherein M is a metallic element, ‘x’ is a number greater than 0 and less than 4, ‘y’ is a number from greater than 0 to less than 8 and each of Z 1 and Z 2 is a different chalcogen with or without the presence of oxygen; and an electrolyte comprising a solution of phenyl magnesium chloride-aluminum chloride and amidomagnesium-based magnesium salt transmetallated with an aluminum salt electrolyte.
2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the alkali-metal-containing anode comprises magnesium.
3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the metallic element is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Ba, La, Pb, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and mixtures thereof.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the chalcogen Z 1 and Z 2 is selected from chemical elements in Periodic Table Group 16.
5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the chalcogen Z 1 and Z 2 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures of thereof.
6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein M is copper, x is 2, Z 1 is sulfur and Z 2 is selenium.
7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is formed from a mixture of MZ 1 , MZ 2 , MoZ 2 1 , MoZ 2 2 and molybdenum.
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the Chevrel-phase material is of a formula Mo 6 S 8-y Se y which is derived from a precursor material of a formula Cu 2 Mo 6 S 8-y Se y , and the said precursor material is derived from a mixture of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and anhydrous copper chloride in the presence of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide.
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the said electrochemical cell is a rechargeable battery.