IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,742,887
Granted Patent B2
US 12,742,887 · App. 18/102,067 · Granted Sep 22, 2026

Line of sight estimator

Inventors: Mark G. Petovello (Santa Cruz, CA); Qutub Salman Syed (San Jose, CA); Mojtaba Bahrami (San Jose, CA); Isaac T. Miller (Half Moon Bay, CA)
Assignee: Apple Inc.
G01S19/22G01S19/46
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,742,887
App. No.
18/102,067
Granted
Sep 22, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

In accordance with one or more implementations, a method includes receiving, with an electronic device, a first satellite signal and a second satellite signal and determining whether the first satellite signal is LOS. The determining is based on a signal strength of the first satellite signal. The method also includes determining whether the second satellite signal is non-LOS. The determining is based on a signal strength of the second satellite signal. The method further includes estimating a location of the electronic device based on the first satellite signal and the second satellite signal in response to determining that the first satellite signal is LOS and that the second satellite signal is non-LOS.

Claims (50)

1 . A method comprising:

receiving, with an electronic device, a first satellite signal and a second satellite signal;

determining, with the electronic device, a first probability that the first satellite signal is a first line of sight satellite signal based at least in part on a first difference between a first measured range to a first satellite and a first predicted range to the first satellite computed using a first location of the electronic device derived from a non-satellite signal;

determining, with the electronic device, a second probability that the second satellite signal is a second line of sight satellite signal based at least in part on a second difference between a second measured range to a second satellite and a second predicted range to the second satellite computed using the first location of the electronic device derived from the non-satellite signal; and

estimating, with the electronic device, a second location of the electronic device based at least in part on the first probability that the first satellite signal corresponds to the first line of sight satellite signal, the second probability that the second satellite signal corresponds to the second line of sight satellite signal, and at least two other satellite signals.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

determining the first probability is based at least in part on a first signal strength of the first satellite signal; and

determining the second probability is based at least in part on a second signal strength of the second satellite signal.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the first probability and the second probability is based on a first hidden Markov model and a second hidden Markov model, respectively.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein inputs to the first and second hidden Markov models include at least one of the first location of the electronic device derived from the non-satellite signal, a signal strength of a satellite signal corresponding to the first or second hidden Markov models or a third hidden Markov model, a pseudorange of a satellite corresponding to the satellite signal, or a multipath indicator that is set based on pre-processing received signals.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the estimated second location of the electronic device is based on a third location corresponding to a transmitter of the non-satellite signal and a signal strength of the non-satellite signal.

6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the estimated second location is further based on at least one of a speed, heading, direction, and time of the electronic device.

7 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the estimated second location is a three-dimensional position further based on at least one of geography data and vertical positioning data of the electronic device.

8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising, before estimating the second location of the electronic device, discarding the second satellite signal in response to the second probability being less than a threshold value.

9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the threshold value is based on a number of available line of sight satellite signals.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimating the second location of the electronic device comprises:

determining a first weight based on the first probability;

applying the first weight to the first satellite signal to generate a weighted first satellite signal;

determining a second weight based on the second probability; and

applying the second weight to the second satellite signal to generate a weighted second satellite signal.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the estimating the second location of the electronic device further comprises estimating the second location based on the weighted first satellite signal and the weighted second satellite signal.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the first weight is less than the second weight such that the first satellite signal is weighted less than the second satellite signal in the estimated second location, in response to the first probability being less than the second probability.

13 . An electronic device comprising:

a memory; and

one or more processors configured to perform operations comprising:

receiving a first satellite signal and a second satellite signal;

determining, based at least in part on a first satellite signal strength of the first satellite signal, a first probability that the first satellite signal is a first line of sight satellite signal based at least in part on a first difference between a first measured range to a first satellite and a first predicted range to the first satellite computed using a first location of the electronic device derived from a non-satellite signal;

determining, based at least in part on a second signal strength of the second satellite signal, a second probability that the second satellite signal is a second line of sight satellite signal based at least in part on a second difference between a second measured range to a second satellite and a second predicted range to the second satellite computed using the first location of the electronic device derived from a non-satellite signal; and

estimating a second location of the electronic device based at least in part on the first probability that the first satellite signal corresponds to the first line of sight satellite signal and the second probability that the second satellite signal corresponds to the second line of sight satellite signal, and at least two other satellite signals.

14 . The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein determining the first probability and the second probability is based on a first hidden Markov model and a second hidden Markov model, respectively.

15 . The electronic device of claim 14 , wherein inputs to the first and second hidden Markov models include at least one of the first location of the electronic device derived from the non-satellite signal, a signal strength of a satellite signal corresponding to the first or second hidden Markov models or a third hidden Markov model, a pseudorange of a satellite corresponding to the satellite signal, or a multipath indicator that is set based on pre-processing received signals.

16 . The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein the estimated second location of the electronic device is based on a third location corresponding to a transmitter of the non-satellite signal and a signal strength of the non-satellite signal.

17 . The electronic device of claim 15 , wherein the estimated second location is further based on at least one of a speed, heading, direction, and time of the electronic device.

18 . The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein the estimating the second location of the electronic device comprises:

determining a first weight based on the first probability;

applying the first weight to the first satellite signal to generate a weighted first satellite signal;

determining a second weight based on the second probability; and

applying the second weight to the second satellite signal to generate a weighted second satellite signal; and

estimating the second location based on the weighted first satellite signal and the weighted second satellite signal.

19 . A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

receiving, with an electronic device, a first satellite signal and a second satellite signal;

determining, with the electronic device and based at least in part on a first difference between a first measured range to a first satellite and a first predicted range to the first satellite computed using a first location of the electronic device derived from a non-satellite signal, a first probability that the first satellite signal is a first line of sight satellite signal and, determining, based at least in part on a second difference between a second measured range to a second satellite and a second predicted range to the second satellite computed using the first location of the electronic device derived from the non-satellite signal, a second probability that the second satellite signal is a second line of sight satellite signal; and

estimating, with the electronic device, a second location of the electronic device based at least in part on the first probability that the first satellite signal corresponds to the first line of sight satellite signal and the second probability that the second satellite signal corresponds to the second line of sight satellite signal, and at least two other satellite signals.

20 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19 , wherein determining the first probability and the second probability is based on a first hidden Markov model and a second hidden Markov model, respectively.

21 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the estimating the second location of the electronic device comprises:

determining a first weight based on the first probability;

applying the first weight to the first satellite signal to generate a weighted first satellite signal;

determining a second weight based on the second probability;

applying the second weight to the second satellite signal to generate a weighted second satellite signal; and

estimating the second location based on the weighted first satellite signal and the weighted second satellite signal.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 15, 2023
From: PETOVELLO, MARK G.; SYED, QUTUB SALMAN; BAHRAMI, MOJTABA; MILLER, ISAAC T.
To: APPLE INC.
Reel/Frame 064595/0981 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 10, 2023
From: PETOVELLO, MARK G.; SYED, QUTUB SALMAN; BAHRAMI, MOJTABA; MILLER, ISAAC T.
To: APPLE INC.
Reel/Frame 062946/0730 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63349036 · Jun 3, 2022
Related Publication 20230393285A1 · Dec 7, 2023
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