Electric motors having flux shields for motor poles

1. An electric motor comprising:

a stator defining multiple stator poles with associated electrical windings; and

a rotor comprising multiple rotor poles, the rotor movable with respect to the stator and defining, together with the stator, a nominal gap between the stator poles and the rotor poles, the rotor poles comprising a magnetically permeable pole material,

wherein each stator pole comprises flux shields extending along opposite edges of the stator pole and formed of a material having a greater electrical conductivity than a material of the stator pole disposed between the flux shields.

2. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein each stator pole comprises multiple teeth defining recesses therebetween.

3. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the rotor comprises flux barriers between adjacent rotor poles, the flux barriers each comprising a second material having an electrical conductivity different than the magnetically permeable pole material; and

wherein the flux barriers are electrically isolated from one another external to the rotor poles.

4. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the rotor is disposed within the stator.

5. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the nominal gap is a radial gap at least partially bounded by a radially outer surface of the rotor.

6. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein the nominal gap is an axial gap perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotor.

7. The electric motor of claim 1 , wherein each rotor pole comprises multiple teeth defining recesses therebetween.

8. An electric motor comprising:

an active magnetic component having a first surface defining multiple active poles with associated electrical windings; and

a passive magnetic component having a second surface movable with respect to the first surface in a first direction and spaced from the first surface to define a gap,

wherein each active pole comprises flux shields extending along opposite edges of the active pole and formed of a material having a greater electrical conductivity than a material of the active pole disposed between the flux shields.

9. The electric motor of claim 8 , wherein the second surface forms a series of spaced-apart passive poles of a first material defining slots therebetween, the slots extending at a non-zero angle to the first direction.

10. The electric motor of claim 9 , wherein each slot contains a respective flux barrier comprising a second material extending along the slot and forming an electrically conductive path along the slot, and

wherein the flux barriers are secured to the first material within the slots and are connected to each other only through the first material.

11. The electric motor of claim 10 , wherein the slots extend perpendicular to the first direction.

12. The electric motor of claim 10 , wherein the flux barriers fill the slots, and

wherein the flux barriers are in contact with the first material on opposite sides of the slots.

13. The electric motor of claim 10 , wherein the second material contains at least 20 percent, in some cases 40 percent, or in some cases 60 percent, by mass fraction, of an element, or combination of elements, selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel and cobalt.

14. The electric motor of claim 8 , wherein the active magnetic component is a stator of the electric motor, and the passive magnetic component is a rotor of the electric motor.

15. The electric motor of claim 14 , wherein the nominal gap is a radial gap at least partially bounded by a radially outer surface of the rotor.

16. The electric motor of claim 14 , wherein the nominal gap is an axial gap perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotor.

17. The electric motor of claim 8 , wherein each passive pole comprises multiple teeth defining recesses therebetween.

18. The electric motor of claim 8 , wherein each active pole comprises multiple teeth defining recesses therebetween.

19. The electric motor of claim 8 , wherein the electric motor is a linear motor.