Composition comprising cinnamaldehyde and zinc to improve swallowing
Compositions contain an amount of cinnamaldehyde that is orally tolerable, thus avoiding an unpleasant mouth feeling, and also tolerable in the gastrointestinal tract. The amount of cinnamaldehyde is supplemented by zinc, and the combination is effective to promote a swallowing reflex. The composition containing the combination of cinnamaldehyde and zinc can be used in a method to treat dysphagia and/or prevent aspiration pneumonia from dysphagia. In an embodiment, the composition containing cinnamaldehyde is administered to a human. The composition containing cinnamaldehyde may be a medicament, a food product or a supplement to a food product.
1. A method for promoting a swallowing reflex, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of promotion of the swallowing reflex a composition comprising cinnamaldehyde and zinc,
wherein the cinnamaldehyde is present in the composition at a concentration of about 100 ppm or less, and a cinnamaldehyde:zinc molar ratio in the composition is 1:0.5 to 1:0.005.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cinnamaldehyde is present in the composition in an amount that is tolerable to ingest and, in combination with the zinc, effective to promote a swallowing reflex in the patient.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein promotion of the swallowing reflex comprises an effect selected from the group consisting of provoking the swallowing reflex, increasing the ability of the patient to swallow, increasing the efficacy of the swallowing reflex, decreasing a delay in swallowing, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises cinnamon essential oil extract that provides at least a portion of the cinnamaldehyde.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the cinnamaldehyde is selected from the group consisting of isolated cinnamaldehyde and synthesized cinnamaldehyde.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the zinc is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc lactate, zinc citrate and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is a liquid food product.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the cinnamaldehyde is present in the liquid food product at a concentration from 6.97 ppm to 77.96 ppm.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cinnamaldehyde is present in the liquid food product at a concentration from 31.87 ppm to 100 ppm.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the liquid food product comprises the zinc at a concentration from about 0.05 ppm to about 0.17 ppm or from about 0.3 μM to about 1 μM.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is not in a form of a capsule.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the liquid food product is selected from the group consisting of milk-shake, smoothie, soy-based drink, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient in need of promotion of the swallowing reflex is an elderly human.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient in need of promotion of the swallowing reflex has oral pharyngeal dysphagia.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient in need of promotion of the swallowing reflex has aspiration pneumonia from dysphagia.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a hydration supplement containing more than 90% free water.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the hydration supplement consists of the free water, the cinnamaldehyde, and a zinc source comprising the zinc and selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc lactate, zinc citrate and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not include any minerals additional to the zinc.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not include any vitamins.