Systems and methods for immersion-cooled datacenters
A liquid-submersible thermal management system includes a cylindrical outer shell and an inner shell positioned in an interior volume of the outer shell. The cylindrical outer shell has a longitudinal axis oriented vertically relative to a direction of gravity, and the inner shell defines an immersion chamber. The liquid-submersible thermal management system a spine positioned inside the immersion chamber and oriented at least partially in a direction of the longitudinal axis with a heat-generating component located in the immersion chamber. A working fluid is positioned in the immersion chamber and at least partially surrounding the heat-generating component. The working fluid receives heat from the heat-generating component.
1. A method of operating a thermal management system, comprising:
at least partially submerging the thermal management system in ambient fluid;
transferring heat from a heat-generating component to a working fluid;
transferring heat from the working fluid to an inner shell, wherein the inner shell is an immersion chamber contained within an interior volume of an outer shell;
transferring heat from the inner shell to the outer shell; and
transferring heat from the outer shell to the ambient fluid.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating the thermal management system without a condenser.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring heat from the inner shell includes conducting heat from the inner shell to a fluid contained in the interior volume of the outer shell between the inner shell and the outer shell.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fluid includes one or more of the working fluid and the ambient fluid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring heat from the working fluid to the inner shell includes transferring heat from the working fluid through convective cooling to the inner shell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring heat from the outer shell to the ambient fluid includes transferring heat to the ambient fluid through a naturally occurring fluid flow of the ambient fluid.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising boiling the working fluid to form vaporized working fluid.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising condensing the vaporized working fluid in a headspace of the inner shell, on a wall of the inner shell, or both.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising condensing the vaporized working fluid at nucleation sites defined by a texture of one or more of an interior surface of the inner shell, the heat-generating component, and a spine of the inner shell.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising orienting a longitudinal axis of the thermal management system with a ballast positioned at a longitudinal end of the outer shell.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a buoyancy of the thermal management system by passing gas into the interior volume of the outer shell.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preventing corrosion of the outer shell with a sacrificial anode.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a positive internal pressure of the thermal management system relative to the ambient fluid.
14. A method of operating a thermal management system, comprising:
passing a working fluid through a spine in an immersion chamber;
passing at least some of the working fluid from the spine toward a heat-generating component located within the immersion chamber;
transferring heat from the heat-generating component to the working fluid; and
transferring heat from the working fluid to an ambient fluid.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the spine supports the heat-generating component in the immersion chamber.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising passing one or more of data communications and electrical power through the spine to the heat-generating component.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising passing one or more of data communications, electrical power, and a flow of working fluid to the spine through an umbilical connected to an exterior of an outer shell of the thermal management system.
18. A method of operating a liquid-submersible thermal management system, comprising:
passing a working fluid through a spine in an inner shell, the inner shell defining an immersion chamber;
passing the working fluid from the spine to a nozzle;
spraying droplets of a liquid phase of the working fluid toward a heat-generating component located within the immersion chamber;
transferring heat from the heat-generating component to the working fluid; and
transferring heat from the working fluid to the inner shell, wherein the inner shell is located in an interior volume of an outer shell.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein spraying droplets of the liquid phase of the working fluid includes spraying droplets of less than 0.5 mm.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising flowing vaporized working fluid away from spine with the spray from the nozzle.