Electrochemical cell having thin metal foil packaging and a method for making same
An electrochemical cell is provided comprising a thin metal foil packaging made from at least one sheet of metal foil and having a perimeter extending around at least a portion of the electrochemical cell, as well as an electrochemical cell stack contained within the thin metal foil packaging, and a metal-to-metal welded seal around at least a portion of the perimeter of the thin metal foil packaging. The metal-to-metal welded seal is hermetic or nearly hermetic. Furthermore, the metal-to-metal welded seal is narrow, having a width of less than about 1 mm, and is less than about 5 mm away from the electrochemical cell stack. In some embodiments, the thin metal foil packaging functions not only as a hermetically or near hermetically sealed packaging, but also as either the negative or positive current collector, with one electrode of the cell bonded to the foil packaging. A method for making the foregoing electrochemical cell is also provided and involves using laser energy the metal-to-metal welded seal, wherein the laser energy is applied to the foil at high speed using a scanning laser.
1. A method comprising:
providing a metal foil packaging comprising at least one sheet of metal foil;
bonding the metal foil packaging to an electrochemical cell stack,
wherein the metal foil packaging has a perimeter extending around at least a portion of the electrochemical cell stack;
wherein an electrode tab extends from the electrochemical stack through the metal foil packaging;
laser welding the metal foil packaging to form a metal-to-metal welded seal,
wherein the laser welding occurs at a speed of at least 0.1 m/s,
wherein the metal-to-metal seal is less than 1 mm away from the electrochemical cell stack,
using a sealant, heat sealing the electrode tab to the metal foil packaging such that:
the electrode tab is electrically insulated from the metal foil packaging, and
the thin metal foil packaging is hermetically sealed against an external environment to form an electrochemical cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sheet of metal foil is a single sheet of metal foil.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
folding the single sheet of metal foil around the electrochemical cell stack so as to result in a folded edge and three free edges, and
laser welding the three free edges.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical cell has a cell thickness of less than 1 millimeter.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-to-metal welded seal has a width of less than 1 mm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser welding occurs at a temperature of 1668° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal foil packaging is an outer current collector,
wherein the electrochemical cell stack includes an inner current collector,
wherein the electrode tab is an extension of the inner current collector.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inner current collector is a positive inner current collector and the metal foil packaging is a negative outer current collector.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inner current collector is a negative inner current collector and the metal foil packaging is a positive outer current collector.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the metal-to-metal seal about at least 75% of a perimeter of the metal foil packaging.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical cell is a lithium-based electrochemical cell.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lithium-based electrochemical cell is a lithium-ion electrochemical cell.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lithium-based electrochemical cell is rechargeable.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sheet of metal foil of the metal foil packaging has a thickness of less than 50 microns.