Allotrope of carbon having increased electron delocalization
Alloys, emf attenuation materials or emf reception materials, materials for biotechnology or biomedical materials, and materials for toxin and heavy metal removal, each containing a newly discovered allotrope of carbon having a multilayered nanocarbon array, and which exhibits, among other properties, exceptional stability, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic frequency (emf) attenuation characteristics. Members of this new allotrope include nanocarbon structures possessing vast electron delocalization in multiple directions, unavailable to known fullerene-characterized materials like carbon nano-onions (CNOs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), graphene, carbon nano-horns, and carbon nano-ellipsoids. Such stabilizing electron delocalization crosses or proceeds between layers, as well as along layers, in multiple directions within a continuous cyclic structure having an advanced interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array, apart from incidental defects.
1. An alloy comprising a carbon material that comprises a multilayered three dimensional nanocarbon array present in catenated states, wherein stabilizing electron delocalization crosses between layers in an interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array; and wherein the carbon material is derived from a catenated fullerene carbon nano-onion (CNO) precursor.
2. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the alloy is a covetic alloy.
3. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is doped with one or more heteroatoms.
4. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material is functionalized.
5. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material has a combustion temperature (in air)>600° C.
6. An emf attenuation material or an emf reception material, each material comprising a carbon material that comprises a multilayered three dimensional nanocarbon array present in catenated states, wherein stabilizing electron delocalization crosses between layers in an interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array; and wherein the carbon material is derived from a catenated fullerene carbon nano-onion (CNO) precursor.
7. The emf attenuation material or the emf reception material of claim 6 , wherein the carbon material is doped with one or more heteroatoms.
8. The emf attenuation material or the emf reception material of claim 6 , wherein the carbon material is functionalized.
9. The emf attenuation material or the emf reception material of claim 6 , wherein the carbon material has a combustion temperature (in air)>600° C.
10. A material for biotechnology or a biomedical material, each material comprising a carbon material that comprises a multilayered three dimensional nanocarbon array present in catenated states, wherein stabilizing electron delocalization crosses between layers in an interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array; and wherein the carbon material is derived from a catenated fullerene carbon nano-onion (CNO) precursor.
11. The material for biotechnology or the biomedical material of claim 10 , wherein the carbon material is doped with one or more heteroatoms.
12. The material for biotechnology or the biomedical material of claim 10 , wherein the carbon material is functionalized.
13. The material for biotechnology or the biomedical material of claim 10 , wherein the carbon material has a combustion temperature (in air)>600° C.
14. A material for toxin and heavy metal removal, said material comprising a carbon material that comprises a multilayered three dimensional nanocarbon array present in catenated states, wherein stabilizing electron delocalization crosses between layers in an interlayer connectivity bonding system involving the whole carbon array; and wherein the carbon material is derived from a catenated fullerene carbon nano-onion (CNO) precursor.
15. The material of claim 14 , wherein the carbon material is doped with one or more heteroatoms.
16. The material of claim 14 , wherein the carbon material is functionalized.
17. The material of claim 14 , wherein the carbon material has a combustion temperature (in air)>600° C.