Hydrogen and oxygen supplemental firing for combined-cycle facility
A combined-cycle power plant comprises a gas turbine engine for generating exhaust gas, an electric generator driven by the gas turbine engine, a steam generator receiving the exhaust gas to heat water and generate steam, and a duct burner system configured to heat exhaust gas in the steam generator before generating the steam and that comprises a source of hydrogen fuel, a fuel distribution manifold to distribute the hydrogen fuel in a duct of the steam generator, and an igniter to initiate combustion of the hydrogen fuel in the exhaust gas. A method for heating exhaust gas in a steam generator for a combined-cycle power plant comprises directing combustion gas of a gas turbine engine into a duct, introducing hydrogen fuel into the duct, combusting the hydrogen fuel and the combustion gas to generate heated gas, and heating water in the duct with the heated gas to generate steam.
1. A method of operating a combined-cycle power plant, the method comprising:
supplying natural gas to a combustor of a gas turbine engine from a source of natural gas;
conducting a combustion process of air and the natural gas in the combustor of the gas turbine engine to generate combustion gas;
directing the combustion gas of the gas turbine engine into a duct of a steam generator;
generating hydrogen fuel from water with an electrolyzer;
introducing the hydrogen fuel into the duct via a fuel distribution manifold of a duct burner system, the fuel distribution manifold located in the steam generator to distribute at least a portion of the hydrogen gas within the duct of the steam generator, the fuel distribution manifold comprising a tubular body extending along an axis and having a discharge opening;
combusting the hydrogen fuel and the combustion gas in the duct to generate heated gas;
heating water pipes of the steam generator in the duct with the heated gas to generate steam;
regulating flow of hydrogen gas, using a burner management system, from the electrolyzer to the fuel distribution manifold based on operating parameters of the duct burner system;
controlling delivery of the natural gas, using a system controller, to the combustor from the source of natural gas; and
coordinating operation of the steam generator and the burner management system, using the system controller, independent of controlling delivery of the natural gas to the combustor.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing oxygen into the combustion gas using an oxygen distribution manifold.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing pure oxygen into the duct, wherein the hydrogen fuel is undiluted.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising generating the pure oxygen with the electrolyzer.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising storing the hydrogen fuel and the pure oxygen in storage tanks before directing the hydrogen fuel and the pure oxygen into the duct.
6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising modulating flow of the hydrogen fuel and the pure oxygen to the duct based on performance of the gas turbine engine.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
sensing a flow rate of the combustion gas in the duct; and
sensing an oxygen content of the combustion gas in the duct.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising expanding the hydrogen fuel before introducing the hydrogen fuel into the duct.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating electricity with the generated steam.
10. A combined-cycle power plant comprising:
an electrolyzer configured to generate hydrogen gas from water;
a source of natural gas;
a gas turbine engine configured to generate exhaust gas and a steam generator configured to receive the exhaust gas from the gas turbine engine to heat water and generate steam, wherein the gas turbine engine comprises a combustor that is configured to receive natural gas from the source of natural gas;
a duct burner system comprising:
a fuel distribution manifold located in the steam generator to distribute at least a portion of the hydrogen gas within a duct of the steam generator;
wherein the fuel distribution manifold comprises:
a tubular body extending along an axis to receive hydrogen gas from the electrolyzer; and
a discharge opening in the tubular body to release hydrogen gas into the duct;
a burner management system to regulate flow of hydrogen gas from the electrolyzer to the fuel distribution manifold based on operating parameters of the duct burner system; and
a system controller configured to control delivery of the natural gas from the source of natural gas to the combustor and to coordinate operation of the steam generator and the burner management system independent of controlling delivery of natural gas to the combustor of the gas turbine engine.
11. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 10 , wherein the electrolyzer is further configured to produce oxygen gas from the water.
12. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 11 , further comprising an oxygen distribution manifold located in the steam generator to distribute at least a portion of the oxygen gas within the duct of the steam generator, wherein the electrolyzer is configured to provide pure oxygen and undiluted hydrogen to the duct burner system.
13. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 11 , wherein the burner management system is further configured to regulate flow of oxygen gas from the electrolysis system to the duct based on operating parameters of the duct burner system.
14. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 13 , wherein the burner management system is communicatively coupled with modulating valves to control flow of the hydrogen gas to the fuel distribution manifold and control flow of oxygen gas to the duct.
15. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 13 , further comprising:
a flow rate sensor configured to sense flow rate of the exhaust gas in the duct; and
an oxygen content sensor configured to sense oxygen content of the exhaust gas in the duct.
16. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 10 , further comprising an expansion device configured to expand hydrogen gas before initiation of combustion of the hydrogen gas in the exhaust gas, wherein the expansion device comprises an expansion nozzle located between the electrolyzer and the steam generator or a nozzle located on the fuel distribution manifold.
17. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 10 , further comprising a deflector positioned upstream of the tubular body to diffuse flow of exhaust gas around the tubular body, wherein the deflector comprises an elongate plate extending alongside the tubular body, the deflector having perforations to allow flow of exhaust gas therethrough.
18. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 17 , wherein:
the deflector comprises a pocket to receive the tubular body; and
the discharge opening comprises a nozzle, wherein the nozzle comprises an elongate projection extending from the tubular body, the elongate projection forming a narrowing passage configured to throttle and preheat the hydrogen gas before discharge.
19. The combined-cycle power plant of claim 10 , further comprising:
an igniter configured to initiate combustion of the hydrogen gas in the exhaust gas within the duct;
a first electric generator configured to be driven by the gas turbine engine to generate electricity;
a steam turbine configured to receive steam generated by the steam generator; and
a second electric generator configured to be driven by the steam turbine to generate electricity.