Systems and methods for identifying tailgating
Systems, methods, models, and training data for models are discussed, for determining vehicle positioning, and in particular identifying tailgating. Simulated training images showing vehicles following other vehicles, under various conditions, are generated using a virtual environment. Models are trained to determine following distance between two vehicles. Trained models are used to in detection of tailgating, based on determined distance between two vehicles. Results of tailgating are output to warn a driver, or to provide a report on driver behavior.
1 . A system for identifying tailgating between a first vehicle and second vehicle, the system comprising:
at least one image capture device positioned at the second vehicle;
at least one processor;
at least one non-transitory processor-readable storage medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-executable instructions which when executed by the at least one processor cause the system to:
capture, by the at least one image capture device, image data including at least at least one image, each image in the image data including a representation of a first vehicle from a perspective of a second vehicle behind the first vehicle;
apply, by the at least one processor, a following distance determination model to determine a following distance between the first vehicle and the second vehicle;
estimate, by the at least one processor, a first stopping distance for the first vehicle;
estimate, by the at least one processor, a second stopping distance for the second vehicle;
determine, by the at least one processor, whether the following distance is within a tailgating distance criteria, wherein the following distance is within the tailgating distance criteria if the second stopping distance is greater than the first stopping distance plus the following distance, and the following distance is outside the tailgating distance criteria if the second stopping distance is not greater than the first stopping distance plus the following distance;
identify, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is not tailgating the first vehicle if the following distance is outside of the tailgating distance criteria; and
identify, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is tailgating the first vehicle if tailgating criteria are met, wherein the tailgating criteria includes the following distance being within the tailgating distance criteria.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the system to:
identify, by the at least one processor, a left-distance indicating a horizontal distance of the first vehicle from a left boundary of the at least one image;
identify, by the at least one processor, a right-distance indicating a horizontal distance of the first vehicle from a right boundary of the at least one image;
determine, by the at least one processor, a difference between the left-distance and the right-distance;
determine, by the at least one processor, whether the difference between the left-distance and the right-distance is within a horizontal distance criteria, wherein the tailgating criteria includes the difference between the left-distance and the right-distance being within the horizontal distance criteria; and
identify, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is not tailgating the first vehicle if the determined difference is outside of the horizontal distance criteria.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein:
the processor-executable instructions which cause the system to identify the left-distance cause the at least one processor to: identify a horizontal distance between a left edge of a bounding box delineating the first vehicle in the at least one image and a left edge of the at least one image; and
the processor-executable instructions which cause the system to identify the right-distance cause the at least one processor to: identify a horizontal distance between a right edge of a bounding box delineating the first vehicle in the at least one image and a right edge of the at least one image.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the processor-executable instructions which cause the at least one processor to estimate the first stopping distance cause the at least one processor to estimate the first stopping distance as a minimum distance for the first vehicle to stop; and
the processor-executable instructions which cause the at least one processor to estimate the second stopping distance cause the at least one processor to estimate the second stopping distance as a maximum distance for the second vehicle to stop.
5 . A method for identifying tailgating between a first vehicle and second vehicle comprising:
capturing, by at least one image capture device positioned at the second vehicle, image data including at least at least one image, each image in the image data including a representation of a first vehicle from a perspective of a second vehicle behind the first vehicle;
applying, by at least one processor, a following distance determination model to determine a following distance between the first vehicle and the second vehicle;
estimating, by the at least one processor, a first stopping distance for the first vehicle;
estimating, by the at least one processor, a second stopping distance for the second vehicle;
determining, by the at least one processor, whether the following distance is within a tailgating distance criteria, wherein the following distance is within the tailgating distance criteria if the second stopping distance is greater than the first stopping distance plus the following distance, and the following distance is outside the tailgating distance criteria if the second stopping distance is not greater than the first stopping distance plus the following distance;
identifying, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is not tailgating the first vehicle if the following distance is outside of the tailgating distance criteria; and
identifying, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is tailgating the first vehicle if tailgating criteria are met, wherein the tailgating criteria includes the following distance being within the tailgating distance criteria.
6 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
identifying, by the at least one processor, a left-distance indicating a horizontal distance of the first vehicle from a left boundary of the at least one image;
identifying, by the at least one processor, a right-distance indicating a horizontal distance of the first vehicle from a right boundary of the at least one image;
determining, by the at least one processor, a difference between the left-distance and the right-distance;
determining, determining whether the difference between the left-distance and the right-distance is within a horizontal distance criteria, wherein the tailgating criteria includes the difference between the left-distance and the right-distance being within the horizontal distance criteria; and
identifying, by the at least one processor, that the second vehicle is not tailgating the first vehicle if the determined difference is outside of the horizontal distance criteria.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein:
identifying the left-distance comprises identifying, by the at least one processor, a horizontal distance between a left edge of a bounding box delineating the first vehicle in the at least one image and a left edge of the at least one image; and
identifying the right-distance comprises identifying, by the at least one processor, a horizontal distance between a right edge of a bounding box delineating the first vehicle in the at least one image and a right edge of the at least one image.
8 . The method of claim 5 , wherein:
estimating the first stopping distance comprises estimating the first stopping distance as a minimum distance for the first vehicle to stop; and
estimating the second stopping distance comprises estimating the second stopping distance as a maximum distance for the second vehicle to stop.
9 . The method of claim 5 wherein estimating the second stopping distance comprises estimating the second stopping distance based on speed data representing speed of the second vehicle.
10 . The method of claim 5 wherein estimating the first stopping distance and the second stopping distance comprises estimating the first stopping distance and the second stopping distance based on at least one factor selected from a list of factors consisting of:
vehicle speed;
vehicle weight;
road coefficient of friction;
weather data; and
driver response time.
11 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising outputting, by a user interface device positioned at the second vehicle, an alert of identified tailgating to a driver of the second vehicle.
12 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising transmitting, by at least one communication interface, a notification of identified tailgating to a management device.
13 . The system of claim 1 wherein the processor-executable instructions which cause the at least one processor to estimate the second stopping distance cause the at least one processor to estimate the second stopping distance based on speed data representing speed of the second vehicle.
14 . The system of claim 1 wherein the processor-executable instructions which cause the at least one processor to estimate the first stopping distance and the second stopping distance cause the at least one processor to estimate the first stopping distance and the second stopping distance based on at least one factor selected from a list of factors consisting of:
vehicle speed;
vehicle weight;
road coefficient of friction;
weather data; and
driver response time.
15 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a user interface device at the second vehicle, wherein the processor executable instructions further cause the system to output, by the user interface device, an alert of identified tailgating to a driver of the second vehicle.
16 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one communication interface, wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the at least one communication interface to transmit a notification of identified tailgating to a management device.