Heat exchangers
A heat exchanger which may be used in an engine, such as a vehicle engine for an aircraft or orbital launch vehicle is provided. The heat exchanger may be configured as generally drum-shaped with a multitude of spiral sections, each containing numerous small diameter tubes. The spiral sections may spiral inside one another. The heat exchanger may include a support structure with a plurality of mutually axially spaced hoop supports, and may incorporate an intermediate header. The heat exchanger may incorporate recycling of methanol or other antifreeze used to prevent blocking of the heat exchanger due to frost or ice formation.
1. A heat exchanger, comprising:
at least one first conduit section for the flow of a first fluid in heat exchange with a second fluid in a flow path which passes the at least one first conduit section, in which each first conduit section comprises a flow path via at least one tube from an inlet to an outlet; and
an intermediate header provided in the flow path between the inlet and outlet for flow communication with an intermediate fluid flow path,
wherein the intermediate header includes an outer enclosure for enclosing the first fluid and an injector for injecting intermediate fluid flow into the outer enclosure, at least a portion of the injector disposed within the outer enclosure and extending along at least a portion of a length of the outer enclosure.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the inlet and outlet comprises a header tube.
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the header tubes are straight.
4. The exchanger as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the at least one first conduit section comprises a plurality of first flow tubes extending from the inlet to the intermediate header for flow therebetween and a plurality of second flow tubes extending from the intermediate header to the outlet for flow therebetween.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a length of one first flow tube plus a length of one second flow tube is 2 to 3 metres.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first flow tubes and/or the second flow tubes are 1 mm in diameter.
7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the first flow tubes and/or the second flow tubes have wall thicknesses of 20 to 40 microns.
8. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4 , wherein each said first conduit section comprises a spiral section having the plurality of first and second flow tubes extending in a spiral shape alongside and spaced from one another in rows.
9. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a controller for controlling pressure in the intermediate flow path.
10. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the controller comprises a flow valve.
11. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the injector comprises a tube having a series of flow apertures spaced therealong for injecting fluid into the outer enclosure.
12. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11 , wherein each of the outer enclosure and the injector comprises a respective straight elongate tube.
13. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 12 , comprising a plurality of rows of tubes spaced apart from one another along a longitudinal direction of the outer enclosure, the tubes in said spaced apart rows being fluidly coupled to the outer enclosure at respective spaced locations along a length of the outer enclosure.
14. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein at least one of said at least one tube has first and second portions extending therealong which are formed of different materials to one another.