Materials, methods, and devices for siloxane contaminant removal
Adsorbent materials are disclosed, along with filter elements containing the adsorbent materials methods of using adsorbents to remove siloxane contaminants from a gas stream. The method includes providing an adsorbent material that has been washed with an acid and passing a gas through the adsorbent material so as to reduce siloxane levels in the gas. A filter element for reducing siloxane levels in a gas includes a first adsorbent material, the first adsorbent material comprising an acid-washed adsorbent; and a second adsorbent material, the second adsorbent material comprising an acid-impregnated adsorbent.
1. A method of filtering a gas comprising siloxane and ammonia, the method comprising:
providing a filter element comprising:
a first adsorbent material, wherein the first adsorbent material comprises means for removal of an acid gas;
a second adsorbent material, wherein the second adsorbent material comprises means for removal of a basic contaminant;
a third adsorbent material, wherein the third adsorbent material comprises a means for removal of siloxanes; and
passing the gas through the filter element to reduce siloxane and ammonia levels in the gas, wherein the gas passes sequentially through the first adsorbent material, then the second adsorbent material, and then the third adsorbent material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each adsorbent material comprises activated carbon, silica gel, activated alumina, zeolites, or a nanoporous support, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH of the third adsorbent material is from 3 to 7.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third adsorbent material comprises an activated carbon that has been acid-washed.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third adsorbent material comprises an activated carbon that has been acid-washed with nitric acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second adsorbent material is impregnated with a strong acid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the strong acid comprises phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, malonic acid, or citric acid, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filter element further comprises a fourth adsorbent material, wherein the fourth adsorbent material is impregnated with a strong acid, and wherein the gas passes through the first adsorbent material, the second adsorbent material, and the third adsorbent material, and then subsequently passes through the fourth adsorbent material.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the means for removing an acid gas comprises an adsorbent impregnated with at least one of potassium iodide (KI), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).