System with one-way filter over light-emitting elements
A system may have an exterior display. The exterior display may display symbols that correspond to intended actions for the system or instructions for nearby viewers. The exterior display may include an array of light-emitting diodes, a collimator, a one-way filter to prevent sunlight from washing out the display, and a cover layer. The one-way filter may include a microlens array and a masking layer. The collimator is configured to collimate light from the array of light-emitting diodes and provide the collimated light to the one-way filter. The microlens array receives the collimated light and focuses the collimated light through a plurality of holes in the masking layer. In this way, the majority of display light is passed through the one-way filter towards a viewer. However, the majority of ambient sunlight is blocked by the masking layer, thus preserving a high contrast for the exterior display even in bright sunlight.
1. A display, comprising:
an array of light-emitting diodes configured to emit light;
a collimator that is configured to collimate the light;
a masking layer that includes a plurality of holes, wherein the masking layer has first and second opposing sides and wherein the masking layer is configured to block a majority of ambient light from passing from the second side to the first side;
a microlens array layer that is configured to focus a majority of the light from the collimator through the plurality of holes from the first side to the second side;
a spacer layer having different portions with different thicknesses, wherein the spacer layer is interposed between the masking layer and the microlens array layer, and
a transparent cover layer having a non-planar exterior surface, wherein the masking layer is interposed between the spacer layer and the transparent cover layer.
2. The display defined in claim 1 , wherein each microlens in the microlens array layer is on a respective one of the different portions of the spacer layer.
3. The display defined in claim 2 , wherein each one of the different portions of the spacer layer has a non-planar side that conforms to the masking layer and a planar side that is adjacent to the microlens array layer.
4. The display defined in claim 3 , wherein the non-planar exterior surface of the transparent cover layer has convex curvature.
5. The display defined in claim 4 , wherein the masking layer conforms to the transparent cover layer.
6. The display defined in claim 1 , wherein the microlens array layer and the masking layer form a one-way filter.
7. The display defined in claim 6 , wherein the one-way filter passes a majority of light from the array of light-emitting diodes in a first direction away from the array of light-emitting diodes.
8. The display defined in claim 1 , wherein each microlens of the microlens array layer has a focal point that is aligned with a respective hole of the plurality of holes.
9. The display defined in claim 1 , wherein a first center-to-center spacing of the plurality of holes is less than a second center-to-center spacing of the array of light-emitting diodes.
10. The display defined in claim 9 , wherein the first center-to-center spacing is less than 0.3 millimeters and wherein the second center-to-center spacing is greater than 1 millimeter.
11. The display defined in claim 1 , further comprising:
a color conversion layer that is interposed between the microlens array layer and the masking layer, wherein the color conversion layer is configured to convert the light from the array of light-emitting diodes from a first color to a second, different color.
12. A display, comprising:
a plurality of light sources;
a collimator that is configured to collimate light from the plurality of light sources;
a microlens array layer that includes a plurality of microlenses, wherein the collimator is interposed between the plurality of light sources and the microlens array layer;
a masking layer that includes a plurality of holes, wherein the microlens array layer is interposed between the collimator and the masking layer and wherein each microlens of the plurality of microlenses is aligned with a respective hole of the plurality of holes;
a transparent cover layer, wherein the masking layer is interposed between the transparent cover layer and the microlens array layer; and
an anisotropic filtering layer that is interposed between the transparent cover layer and the masking layer, wherein the anisotropic filter layer passes more light at an on-axis incident angle than at an off-axis incident angle.
13. The display defined in claim 12 , wherein the microlens array layer and the masking layer form a one-way filter.
14. The display defined in claim 13 , wherein the one-way filter passes a majority of light from the plurality of light sources in a first direction away from the plurality of light sources.
15. The display defined in claim 12 , wherein a first center-to-center spacing of the plurality of holes is less than a second center-to-center spacing of the plurality of light sources.
16. The display defined in claim 15 , wherein the first center-to-center spacing is less than 0.3 millimeters and wherein the second center-to-center spacing is greater than 1 millimeter.
17. The display defined in claim 12 , further comprising:
a color conversion layer that is interposed between the microlens array layer and the masking layer, wherein the color conversion layer is configured to convert the light from the plurality of light sources from a first color to a second, different color.