Laser printed lensed optical fibers and associated methods
The present disclosure relates to methods of assembling a lensed optical fiber array by printing in situ a lens onto each optical fiber of an optical fiber array with an ultrafast laser system where the lens can be shaped to the optical fiber end face to reduce pitch mismatch. In some embodiments, optical fiber(s) of the optical fiber array can be cleaved, and the lens can be shaped to the optical fiber end face to reduce pitch mismatch.
1. A method of fabricating a lensed array comprising:
inserting a fiber array that comprises optical fibers into channels of a glass substrate such that a portion of the fiber array is within the glass substrate and uncovered; and
printing in situ a lens onto each optical fiber of the fiber array via two photon polymerization (TPP) using an ultrafast laser system to form a lensed array;
wherein a pitch mismatch between the lensed array and the fiber array is less than 0.1 μm.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultrafast laser system is operated at a wavelength ranging between 500 nm and 1000 nm, a pulse width ranging between 90 fs and 150 fs, and a repetition rate of between 15 MHz and 100 MHz.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ultrafast laser system is operated at a wavelength of 780 nm, a pulse width of 120 fs, and a repetition rate of 80 MHz.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fiber array is a two dimensional fiber array.
5. The method of claim 1 , further including cleaving each optical fiber of the fiber array at an angle ranging between 0° and 8° relative to a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the optical fiber, wherein the angle has an angle variation of about 0.5°.
6. The method of claim 1 , further including printing a coating on each of the lenses, wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of: acrylic-based resists, epoxy based resists, and positive and negative resists.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising splicing a coreless fiber onto each optical fiber of the fiber array prior to printing the lens on the optical fiber.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ultrafast laser system is operated at a wavelength of 800 nm, a pulse width of 300 fs, and a repetition rate of 80 MHz.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
for each of the inserted optical fibers, prior to the printing in situ the lens, determining the shape of the lens based on a pointing angle of the inserted optical fiber within the glass substrate relative to a reference fiber of the fiber array.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the pitch mismatch between the lensed array and the fiber array is between 0.05 nm and 0.1 μm.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the lensed optical connector has an angular misalignment ranging between 0.1° and 0.5° when coupled to another lensed optical connector.
12. A lensed optical fiber connector formed by the method comprising:
inserting a fiber array that comprises optical fibers into channels of a glass substrate such that a portion of the fiber array is within the glass substrate and uncovered; and
printing in situ a lens onto each optical fiber of the fiber array via two photon polymerization (TPP) using an ultrafast laser system to form a lensed array;
wherein the lensed optical fiber includes a coreless fiber spliced onto the optical fiber, wherein the coreless fiber is positioned between the lens and the at least one optical fiber;
wherein the lens has a height ranging between 10 μm and 600 μm relative to end faces of the optical fibers;
wherein the lensed array and the fiber array have a pitch mismatch of between 0.05 nm and 0.1 μm; and
wherein the lensed optical fiber connector has an angular misalignment is less than 0.01° when coupled to another lensed optical fiber connector.
13. The lensed optical fiber connector of claim 12 , wherein the fiber array is a two dimensional fiber array.
14. The lensed optical fiber connector of claim 12 , wherein the lens includes a resin selected from the group consisting of: acrylic-based resists, epoxy based resists, and positive and negative resists.
15. The lensed optical fiber connector of claim 12 , further comprising a coating printed on each lens of the lens array, wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of: acrylic-based resists, epoxy based resists, and positive and negative resists.
16. The lensed optical fiber connector of claim 12 , wherein each optical fiber of the fiber array is cleaved at an angle ranging between 0° and 8° relative to a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the optical fiber, wherein the angle has an angle variation of about 0.5°.