Treatment of inflammatory disorders
Devices and methods for the stimulation of neural signalling of an apical splenic nerve, the device having a transducer for placement on or around the apical splenic nerve, and a signal generator to generate a signal that stimulates or inhibits the neural activity of the apical splenic nerve to produce a physiological response. The transducer has at least one electrode, and the signal generator is a voltage or current source. The stimulation electrical signal has a frequency of between 1 Hz and 50 Hz.
1 . A device or system for stimulating neural activity of an apical splenic nerve, the device or system comprising:
at least one transducer configured for placement on or around the apical splenic nerve, wherein the apical splenic nerve is a non-arteriolar associated nerve located at an apex of a spleen, wherein the apical splenic nerve enters a superior pole of the spleen, and
a signal generator configured for generating at least one signal to be applied to the apical splenic nerve via the at least one transducer, wherein the at least one signal stimulates or inhibits the neural activity of the apical splenic nerve to produce a physiological response in a subject, wherein the physiological response is one or more of the group consisting of: a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in catecholamines, changes in immune cell population or immune cell surface co-stimulatory molecules, a reduction in factors involved in an inflammation cascade or a reduction in immune response mediators; wherein the at least one transducer is at least one electrode; wherein the signal generator is a voltage or current source configured to generate the at least one electrical signal to be applied to the apical splenic nerve via the at least one electrode, and wherein the at least one electrical signal has a frequency of between 1 and 50 Hz.
2 . The device or system of claim 1 , wherein the east one electrical signal is an AC signal.
3 . The device or system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrical signal comprises one or more pulse trains, each pulse train comprising a plurality of square or sawtooth pulses, wherein the plurality of pulses are delivered at a frequency in a range of 1 to 50 Hz.
4 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of square or sawtooth pulses are delivered at a frequency of 1 Hz, 5 Hz or 10 Hz.
5 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a duration of between 10 μs and 5 ms.
6 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses are bipolar pulses.
7 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a constant current of between 200 HA and 5 mA.
8 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one electrical signal is delivered for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
9 . The device or system of claim 1 , wherein the signal generator is configured to apply the at least one electric signal periodically.
10 . The device or system of claim 1 , wherein the device modulates neural activity of the apical splenic nerve.
11 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a duration of between 20 μs and 4 ms.
12 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a duration of between 50 μs and 2 ms.
13 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a duration of between 100 μs and 1 ms.
14 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a duration of between 200 μs and 500 μs.
15 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one electrical signal comprises one or more pulse trains, each comprising a plurality of square or sawtooth pulses, wherein the plurality of pulses are delivered at a frequency between 1 and 30 Hz.
16 . The device or system of claim 3 , wherein the square or sawtooth pulses have a constant current of 600 μA.
17 . The device or system of claim 8 , wherein the at least one electrical signal is delivered for 2 minutes.
18 . A method of reversibly stimulating neural activity in an apical splenic nerve, comprising: (i) implanting a device configured for stimulating the neural activity of an apical splenic nerve into the subject; (ii) positioning a transducer in signalling contact with an apical splenic nerve, wherein the apical splenic nerve is a non-arteriolar associated nerve located at an apex of the spleen, wherein the apical splenic nerve enters a superior pole of the spleen; and (iii) activating the device.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the patient suffers from an inflammatory disorder.
20 . A method of treating in a subject who suffers from, or is at risk of, inflammatory disorder, comprising: (i) implanting a device configured for stimulating neural activity of an apical splenic nerve into the subject; (ii) positioning a transducer in signaling contact with an apical splenic nerve, wherein the apical splenic nerve is a non-arteriolar associated nerve located at an apex of the spleen, wherein the apical splenic nerve enters a superior pole of the spleen; and (iii) activating the device.