IP Library Granted Patent US 12,491,232
Granted Patent B2
US 12,491,232 · App. 18/151,383 · Granted Dec 9, 2025

Low dose IL-2 for treating autoimmune-related or inflammatory disorders

Inventors: David Klatzmann (Paris, FR); David Saadoun (Neuilly sur Seine, FR); Patrice Cacoub (Le Perreux, FR); Michèle Rosenzwajg (Paris, FR); Eliane Piaggio (Paris, FR); Gilbert Bensimon (Villejuif, FR); Claude Bernard (Malakoff, FR)
Assignees: INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris; Sorbonne Universite
A61K38/2013
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,491,232
App. No.
18/151,383
Granted
Dec 9, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention relates to novel therapies for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to a use of low dose interleukin-2 for the treatment of type I diabetes and other autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases.

Claims (18)

1 . A method for stimulating regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in a human patient, the method comprising administering an interleukin-2 (IL-2) to a human patient in need thereof at a dose of between 0.1 and 3.5 MIU/day in a first course of treatment, wherein the first course of treatment increases Treg cells in the subject; and wherein the first course of treatment is followed by a maintenance dose of the IL-2.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the dose of IL-2 in the first course of treatment is between 1.5 to 3 MIU/day.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the dose of IL-2 in the first course of treatment is 2 MIU/day.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first course of treatment comprises administration of the IL-2 once per day, for at least three consecutive days.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first course of treatment is followed by the maintenance dose of the IL-2, and wherein the maintenance dose is given to the human patient once every week to every four weeks.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first course of treatment comprises administration of the IL-2 to the human patient for 3 to 7 days.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the first course of treatment comprises administration of IL-2 to the human patient for 4 to 5 days.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first course of treatment is reproduced at multiple time periods.

9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein every two consecutive time periods in the multiple time periods are interrupted by a period with no treatment.

10 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the maintenance dose starts 1 to 4 weeks after the last dose of the first course of treatment.

11 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the maintenance dose is the same as the dose in the first course of treatment.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first course of treatment increases the ratio of Tregs to effector T (Teff) cells by at least 20%.

13 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring stimulation of Treg cells in the human patient.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the measuring step is performed by measuring an increase in Treg counts or an increase in Treg activation markers in the human patient.

15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the measuring step is performed by measuring the ratio between Treg cells and Teff cells in the human patient.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the human patient has a neurodegenerative disease.

17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the IL-2 is a human IL-2.

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the IL-2 is aldesleukin.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 14, 2025
From: KLATZMANN, DAVID; SAADOUN, DAVID; CACOUB, PATRICE; ROSENZWAJG, MICHÈLE; PIAGGIO, ELIANE; BENSIMON, GILBERT; BERNARD, CLAUDE
To: INSERM (INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTÉ ET DE LA RECHERCHE MÉDICALE); ASSISTANCE PUBLIQUE - HOPITAUX DE PARIS; UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE (PARIS 6)
Reel/Frame 070514/0726 →
MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Mar 14, 2025
From: UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE (PARIS 6); SORBONNE UNIVERSITE
To: SORBONNE UNIVERSITE
Reel/Frame 070515/0001 →
Priority Claims (1)
EP 11305269 · Mar 11, 2011 · regional
Continuity (6)
Continuation 16925983 · Jul 10, 2020
Continuation 16361902 · Mar 22, 2019
Continuation 15588226 · May 5, 2017
Continuation 14004211
Provisional Application 61451663 · Mar 11, 2011
Related Publication 20230149512A1 · May 18, 2023
References Cited (88)
US 5466447A · Abels et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 9669071B2 · Klatzmann · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 10293028B2 · Klatzmann · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 10765723B2 · Klatzmann · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 11559566B2 · Klatzmann · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20110150826A1 · Paulsen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 0262802A2 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9114444A1 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9918992A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9926660A2 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO02078624A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005007121A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007084651A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009112502A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010049438A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010085495A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012065212A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Clinical Trial NCT00525889 “Proleukin and Rapamune in Type 1 Diabetes”. U.S. National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov archive. Dec. 20, 2010. 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], CTLL-2 (ATCC® TIB-214™)—Characteristics. ATCC. Jul. 28, 2020. 1 page. Accessible at atcc.org/Products/All/TIB-214.aspx#characteristics. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Declaration by Pr. David Klatzmann for EP Application No. 12708029.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, dated Jun. 11, 2017. 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Declaration by Pr. David Klatzmann for EP Application No. 18179669.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, dated Jun. 26, 2019. 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Guidance for Industry: Estimating the Maximum Safe Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers. U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug Ad… [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], HT-2 clone A5E (ATCC® CRL-1841™)—Characteristics. ATCC. Jul. 28, 2020. 1 page. Accessible at atcc.org/products/all/CRL-1841.aspx#characteristics. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Notice of Opposition for EP Application No. 12708029.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, dated Apr. 30, 2019. 32 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Proleukin Package Insert—Reference ID 3165255. Prometheus Laboratories Inc. Jul. 2012. 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Second Declaration by Pr. David Klatzmann for EP Application No. 12708029.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, dated Aug. 17, 2020. 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Third Declaration by Pr. David Klatzmann for EP Application No. 12708029.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, dated Jan. 20, 2021. 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], Third Party Observations on EP Application No. 12708029.9, foreign counterpart of U.S. Appl. No. 16/361,902, mailed Oct. 19, 2016. 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], WHO International Standard: 1 [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], WHO International Standard: 2 [cited by applicant]
Bluestone et al., Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells. Sci Transl Med. Nov. 25, 2015;7(315):315ra189(1-15). [cited by applicant]
Bluestone, The yin and yang of interleukin-2-mediated immunotherapy. N Engl J Med. Dec. 1, 2011;365(22):2129-31. [cited by applicant]
Bombardier et al., Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum. Jun. 1992;35(6):630-40. [cited by applicant]
Boyer et al., CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell deficiency in patients with hepatitis C-mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Blood. May 1, 2004;103(9):3428-30. Epub Dec. 18, 2003. [cited by applicant]
Boyman et al., Potential use of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody immune complexes for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther. Dec. 2006;6(12):1323-31. [cited by applicant]
Crispin et al., Quantification of regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. Nov. 2003;21(3):273-6. [cited by applicant]
D'Hennezel et al., IL-2 as a therapeutic target for the restoration of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function in organ-specific autoimmunity: implications in pathophysiology and translation to human disease. J Transl Med. No… [cited by applicant]
Davis et al., Prevalence of detectable C-Peptide according to age at diagnosis and duration of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. Mar. 2015;38(3):476-81. Epub Dec. 17, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Dendrou et al., Cell-specific protein phenotypes for the autoimmune locus IL2RA using a genotype-selectable human bioresource. Nat Genet. Sep. 2009;41(9):1011-5. Epub Aug. 23, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Dufort et al., Cell type-specific immune phenotypes predict loss of insulin secretion in new-onset type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight. Feb. 21, 2019;4(4):e125556(1-16). [cited by applicant]
Garg et al., Type 1 diabetes-associated IL2RA variation lowers IL-2 signaling and contributes to diminished CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function. J Immunol. May 1, 2012;188(9):4644-53. Epub Mar. 28, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Greenbaum, History of Changes for Study: Proleukin and Rapamune in Type 1 Diabetes. Identifier NCT00525889. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00525889. Published Feb. 6, 2017. 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Griffiths et a., Assessment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the use of lupus disease activity indices. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Oct. 2005;19(5):685-708. [cited by applicant]
Grinberg-Bleyer et al., IL-2 reverses established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by a local effect on pancreatic regulatory T cells. J Exp Med. Aug. 30, 2010;207(9): 1871-8. Epub Aug. 2, 2010. [cited by applicant]
Hampe, B Cell in Autoimmune Diseases. Scientifica (Cairo). 2012;2012:215308(1-18). [cited by applicant]
Hank et al., Distinct clinical and laboratory activity of two recombinant interleukin-2 preparations. Clin Cancer Res. Feb. 1999;5(2):281-9. [cited by applicant]
Hartemann et al., Low-dose interleukin 2 in patients with type 1 diabetes: a phase 1/2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Dec. 2013;1(4):295-305. Epub Oct. 8, 2013. [cited by applicant]
He et al., Low-dose interleukin-2 treatment selectively modulates CD4(+) T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Med. Sep. 2016; 22(9):991-3. [cited by applicant]
Hori et al., Establishment of an interleukin 2-dependent human T cell line from a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia who is not infected with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. Blood. Oct. 1987;70(4):10… [cited by applicant]
Hulme et al., Central role for interleukin-2 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. Jan. 2012;61(1):14-22. [cited by applicant]
Humrich et al., Homeostatic imbalance of regulatory and effector T cells due to IL-2 deprivation amplifies murine lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Jan. 5, 2010;107(1):204-9. Epub Dec. 14, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Humrich et al., Rapid induction of clinical remission by low-dose interleukin-2 in a patient with refractory SLE. Ann Rheum Dis. Apr. 2015;74(4):791-2. Epub Jan. 21, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Kitas et al., Deficient interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis: association with active disease and systemic complications. Clin Exp Immunol. Aug. 1988;73(2):242-9. [cited by applicant]
Klatzmann et al., The promise of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. May 2015;15(5):283-94. Epub Apr. 17, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Klatzmann, Dose-effect Relationship of Low-dose IL-2 in Type 1 Diabetes (DF-IL2). Identifier NCT01353833. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01353833. Published May 16, 2011. 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Klein et al., Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v), a CEA-targeted IL-2 variant-based immunocytokine for combination cancer immunotherapy: Overcoming limitations of aldesleukin and conventional IL-2-based immunocytokines… [cited by applicant]
Koreth et al., Interleukin-2 and regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. Dec. 1, 2011;365(22):2055-66. [cited by applicant]
Kuhtreiber et al., Low levels of C-peptide have clinical significance for established Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. Oct. 2015;32(10):1346-53. Epub Aug. 16, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al., Inverse correlation between CD4+ regulatory T-cell population and autoantibody levels in paediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology. Feb. 2006;117(2):280-6. [cited by applicant]
Lieberman et al., The IL-2 defect in systemic lupus erythematosus disease has an expansive effect on host immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:740619(1-6). Epub Jun. 6, 2010. [cited by applicant]
Long et al., Defects in IL-2R signaling contribute to diminished maintenance of FOXP3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells of type 1 diabetic subjects. Diabetes. Feb. 2010;59(2):407-15. Epub Oct. 29, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Long et al., Rapamycin/IL-2 combination therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes augments Tregs yet transiently impairs β-cell function. Diabetes. Sep. 2012;61(9):2340-8. Epub Jun. 20, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Lu, Practical Clinical Drug Handbook, 2 [cited by applicant]
Lyons et al., Congenic mapping of the type 1 diabetes locus, Idd3, to a 780-kb region of mouse chromosome 3: identification of a candidate segment of ancestral DNA by haplotype mapping. Genome Res. Apr. 2000;10(4):446-5… [cited by applicant]
Malek et al., CD4 regulatory T cells prevent lethal autoimmunity in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice. Implications for the nonredundant function of IL-2. Immunity. Aug. 2002;17(2): 167-78. [cited by applicant]
Miyara et al., Global natural regulatory T cell depletion in active systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol. Dec. 15, 2005;175(12):8392-400. [cited by applicant]
Miyasaka et al., Interleukin 2 deficiencies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. Apr. 1984;31(1):109-17. [cited by applicant]
Petri et al., Classification and definition of major flares in SLE clinical trials. Lupus. 1999;8(8):685-91. [cited by applicant]
Petri, Review of classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. May 2005;31(2):245-54, vi. [cited by applicant]
Rabinovitch et al., Combination therapy with sirolimus and interleukin-2 prevents spontaneous and recurrent autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes. Mar. 2002;51(3):638-45. [cited by applicant]
Rosenzwajg et al., Low-dose interleukin-2 fosters a dose-dependent regulatory T cell tuned milieu in TID patients. J Autoimmun. Apr. 2015;58:48-58. Epub Jan. 26, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Saadoun et al., Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis. N Engl J Med. Dec. 1, 2011;365(22):2067-77. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. Feb. 20, 2014;370(8):786. [cited by applicant]
Sakaguchi et al., Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol.… [cited by applicant]
Schneider et al., The effector T cells of diabetic subjects are resistant to regulation via CD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol. Nov. 15, 2008;181(10):7350-5. [cited by applicant]
Shanafelt et al., A T-cell-selective interleukin 2 mutein exhibits potent antitumor activity and is well tolerated in vivo. Nat Biotechnol. Nov. 2000;18(11):1197-202. [cited by applicant]
Talal et al., Interleukins in Experimental Autoimmune Disease. In: Klein T., Specter S., Friedman H., Szentivanyi A. (eds) Biological Response Modifiers in Human Oncology and Immunology. Advances in Experimental Medicin… [cited by applicant]
Tang et al., Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction. Immunity. May 2008;28(5):687-97. Epub May 8, 2008. [cited by applicant]
Thornton et al., Heterogeneous effects of IL-2 on collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol. Aug. 1, 2000; 165(3):1557-63. [cited by applicant]
Tsokos, Systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. Dec. 1, 2011;365(22):2110-21. [cited by applicant]
Valencia et al., Deficient CD4+CD25high T regulatory cell function in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol. Feb. 15, 2007;178(4):2579-88. [cited by applicant]
Velilla et al., Effect of low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy on frequency and phenotype of regulatory T cells and NK cells in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jan. 2008;24(1):52-61. [cited by applicant]
Vella et al., Localization of a type 1 diabetes locus in the IL2RA/CD25 region by use of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet. May 2005;76(5):773-9. Epub Mar. 17, 2005. [cited by applicant]
Velthuis et al., Simultaneous detection of circulating autoreactive CD8+ T-cells specific for different islet cell-associated epitopes using combinatorial MHC multimers. Diabetes. Jul. 2010;59(7):1721-30. Epub Mar. 30, … [cited by applicant]
Wadhwa et al., Report on a collaborative study for proposed 2 [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., An association between immunosenescence and CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells: a systematic review. Biomed Environ Sci. Aug. 2010;23(4):327-32. [cited by applicant]
Yamanouchi et al., Interleukin-2 gene variation impairs regulatory T cell function and causes autoimmunity. Nat Genet. Mar. 2007;39(3):329-37. Epub Feb. 4, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Yang et al., Natural Variation in Interleukin-2 Sensitivity Influences Regulatory T-Cell Frequency and Function in Individuals With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. Nov. 2015;64(11):3891-902. Epub Jul. 29, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Yu et al., Selective IL-2 responsiveness of regulatory T cells through multiple intrinsic mechanisms supports the use of low-dose IL-2 therapy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. Jun. 2015;64(6):2172-83. Epub Jan. 9, 2015. [cited by applicant]