IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,134,952

Granted Patent B2

US 12,134,952 · App. 18/158,122 · Granted Nov 5, 2024

Hydraulic fracturing plan and execution of same

Inventors: Jordan Kuehn (Forest Park, IL); Austin Johnson (Edmond, OK); Ronnie B. Beason (Lexington, OK); Nicholas J. Cannon (Washington, OK)

Assignee: Downing Wellhead Equipment, LLC

E21B34/02 E21B17/006 E21B33/068 E21B41/00 E21B43/11 E21B43/26 E21B43/2607 F16K3/36 F16N11/00 F16N29/02 F16N2210/00

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Quick Facts

Patent No.: US 12,134,952
App. No.: 18/158,122
Granted: Nov 5, 2024
Kind: B2

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Abstract

A hydraulic fracturing plan executable by a hydraulic fracturing system to hydraulically fracture at least first and second wells. In one or more embodiments, executing the hydraulic fracturing plan includes opening a first valve while hydraulic fracturing fluid is communicated to the second well via a second valve and a manifold, the first valve being associated with both the first well and the manifold, and the second valve being associated with both the second well and the manifold. In one or more embodiments, executing the hydraulic fracturing plan further includes closing the second valve, wherein the second valve is closed after opening the first valve, and while hydraulic fracturing fluid is communicated to the first well via the first valve and the manifold.

Claims (316)

1. A method of hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the method comprising:

communicating fluid from one or more pumps to the first well via a manifold and a first valve, wherein the first valve is associated with both the first well and the manifold so that the first valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps; and

executing a continuous pumping (“CP”) swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the first well to hydraulically fracturing the second well, the CP swap comprising:

opening a second valve while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

wherein the second valve is associated with both the second well and the manifold so that the second valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve;

wherein opening the second valve causes fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve,

and

wherein the second valve is opened in response to at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include a flow rate, and/or a pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the first valve:

after the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include the flow rate, and/or the pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold,

and

while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the second valve and the manifold;

wherein, during the CP swap, fluid is continuously communicated from the one or more pumps via the manifold.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the first valve is a first zipper valve; and/or

the second valve is a second zipper valve.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of wells further comprises third and fourth wells, and the method further comprises:

communicating fluid to the third well via the manifold and a third valve,

wherein the third valve is associated with both the third well and the manifold;

wherein executing the CP swap further transitions from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the fourth well, the CP swap further comprising:

opening a fourth valve while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

wherein the fourth valve is associated with both the fourth well and the manifold,

wherein opening the fourth valve causes fluid to be communicated to the fourth well via the manifold and the fourth valve, and

wherein the fourth valve is opened in response to the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying the one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include the flow rate, and/or the pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the third valve:

and

while fluid is communicated to the fourth well via the fourth valve and the manifold.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more conditions include the flow rate of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is below an upper threshold.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is above a lower threshold.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more conditions include the pressure of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is below an upper threshold.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is above a lower threshold.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of wells further comprises a third well, and the method further comprises:

communicating fluid to the third well via the manifold and a third valve,

wherein the third valve is associated with both the third well and the manifold;

and

executing another CP swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the first well, the another CP swap comprising:

opening the first valve while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

wherein opening the first valve causes fluid to be communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve, and

wherein the first valve is opened in response to at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include a flow rate, and/or a pressure, of the at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the third valve:

after the at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include the flow rate, and/or the pressure, of the at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold,

and

while fluid is communicated to the first well via the first valve and the manifold;

wherein, during the another CP swap, fluid is continuously communicated via the manifold.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

hydraulically fracturing the first well; and

hydraulically fracturing the second well;

wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

displaying a dashboard, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve; and

a visual reference of the second valve;

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates respective states of the first and second valves.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

a first visual indicator associated with the visual reference of the first valve, the first visual indicator indicating that the state of the first valve is open to permit communicating fluid to the first well via the manifold and the first valve.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

a second visual indicator associated with the visual reference of the second valve, the second visual indicator being different from the first visual indicator to indicate that the state of the second valve is closed.

20. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions executable by one or more processors to perform operations for hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the operations comprising:

communicating fluid from one or more pumps to the first well via a manifold and a first valve,

wherein the first valve is associated with both the first well and the manifold so that the first valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps;

and

executing a continuous pumping (“CP”) swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the first well to hydraulically fracturing the second well, the CP swap comprising:

opening a second valve while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

wherein the second valve is associated with both the second well and the manifold so that the second valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve;

wherein opening the second valve causes fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve, and

and

closing the first valve:

and

while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the second valve and the manifold;

wherein, during the CP swap, fluid is continuously communicated from the one or more pumps via the manifold.

21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein:

the first valve is a first zipper valve; and/or the second valve is a second zipper valve.

22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the plurality of wells further comprises third and fourth wells, and the operations further comprise:

communicating fluid to the third well via the manifold and a third valve,

wherein the third valve is associated with both the third well and the manifold;

wherein executing the CP swap further transitions from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the fourth well, the CP swap further comprising:

opening a fourth valve while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

wherein the fourth valve is associated with both the fourth well and the manifold,

wherein opening the fourth valve causes fluid to be communicated to the fourth well via the manifold and the fourth valve, and

and

closing the third valve:

and

while fluid is communicated to the fourth well via the fourth valve and the manifold.

23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the operations further comprise:

determining that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the one or more conditions include the flow rate of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 24 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is below an upper threshold.

26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 24 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is above a lower threshold.

27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 24 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the one or more conditions include the pressure of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is below an upper threshold.

30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is above a lower threshold.

31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the plurality of wells further comprises a third well, and the operations further comprise:

communicating fluid to the third well via the manifold and a third valve,

wherein the third valve is associated with both the third well and the manifold;

and

executing another CP swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the first well, the another CP swap comprising:

opening the first valve while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

wherein opening the first valve causes fluid to be communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve, and

closing the third valve:

and

while fluid is communicated to the first well via the first valve and the manifold;

wherein, during the another CP swap, fluid is continuously communicated via the manifold.

33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 ,

wherein the operations further comprise:

hydraulically fracturing the first well; and

hydraulically fracturing the second well;

and

wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 ,

wherein the operations further comprise:

displaying a dashboard, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve; and

a visual reference of the second valve;

and

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates respective states of the first and second valves.

36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 35 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

37. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 36 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

38. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 36 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

39. A system for hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the system comprising:

a manifold via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from one or more pumps;

a first valve via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well, the first valve being associated with both the first well and the manifold so that the first valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps;

a second valve via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well, the second valve being associated with both the second well and the manifold so that the second valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is adapted to be communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve; and

one or more controllers configured to execute a continuous pumping (“CP”) swap, during which CP swap fluid is continuously communicated from the one or more pumps via the manifold, to transition from hydraulically fracturing the first well to hydraulically fracturing the second well, by:

opening the second valve:

while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

to cause fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve, and

in response to at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include a flow rate, and/or a pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the first valve:

after the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include the flow rate, and/or the pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold,

and

while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the second valve and the manifold.

40. The system of claim 39 , wherein:

the first valve is a first zipper valve; and/or

the second valve is a second zipper valve.

41. The system of claim 39 , wherein:

the plurality of wells further comprises third and fourth wells;

the system further comprises:

a third valve via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from the manifold to the third well, the third valve being associated with both the third well and the manifold; and

a fourth valve via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from the manifold to the fourth well, the fourth valve being associated with both the fourth well and the manifold;

and

the one or more controllers are further configured to execute the CP swap, during which CP swap fluid is continuously communicated via the manifold, to transition from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the fourth well, by:

opening the fourth valve:

while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

to cause fluid to be communicated to the fourth well via the manifold and the fourth valve, and

in response to the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying the one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include the flow rate, and/or the pressure, of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the third valve:

and

while fluid is communicated to the fourth well via the fourth valve and the manifold.

42. The system of claim 39 , wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:

determine that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

43. The system of claim 39 , wherein the one or more conditions include the flow rate of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

44. The system of claim 43 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is below an upper threshold.

45. The system of claim 43 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is above a lower threshold.

46. The system of claim 43 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the flow rate is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

47. The system of claim 39 , wherein the one or more conditions include the pressure of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

48. The system of claim 47 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is below an upper threshold.

49. The system of claim 47 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is above a lower threshold.

50. The system of claim 47 , wherein the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions when the pressure is both below an upper threshold and above a lower threshold.

51. The system of claim 39 , wherein:

the plurality of wells further comprises a third well;

the system further comprises a third valve via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from the manifold to the third well, the third valve being associated with both the third well and the manifold;

the one or more controllers are further configured to execute another CP swap, during which CP swap fluid is continuously communicated via the manifold, to transition from hydraulically fracturing the third well to hydraulically fracturing the first well, by:

opening the first valve:

while fluid is communicated to the third well via the third valve and the manifold,

to cause fluid to be communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve, and

in response to at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions, which one or more conditions include a flow rate, and/or a pressure, of the at least another portion of fluid communicated via the manifold;

and

closing the third valve:

and

while fluid is communicated to the first well via the first valve and the manifold.

52. The system of claim 39 , wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

53. The system of claim 52 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

54. The system of claim 39 , further comprising:

a dashboard adapted to be displayed, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve; and

a visual reference of the second valve;

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates respective states of the first and second valves.

55. The system of claim 54 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

56. The system of claim 55 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

57. The system of claim 55 , wherein the dashboard further comprises:

58. A method of hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the method comprising:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps;

displaying a dashboard, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve;

a first visual indicator associated with the visual reference of the first valve, the first visual indicator indicating that a state of the first valve is open to permit communicating fluid to the first well via the manifold and the first valve;

a visual reference of a second valve, wherein the second valve is associated with both the second well and the manifold so that the second valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve; and

and

executing a continuous pumping (“CP”) swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the first well to hydraulically fracturing the second well, the CP swap comprising:

opening the second valve while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

wherein opening the second valve causes fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve, and

wherein the second valve is opened in response to at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions;

and

closing the first valve:

after the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions;

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates the respective states of the first and second valves; and

wherein fluid is continuously communicated from the one or more pumps via the manifold during the CP swap.

59. The method of claim 58 , wherein the dashboard further comprises a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

60. The method of claim 58 , further comprising:

determining that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

61. The method of claim 58 , wherein the one or more conditions include a flow rate condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

62. The method of claim 58 , wherein the one or more conditions include a pressure condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

63. The method of claim 58 , further comprising:

hydraulically fracturing the first well; and

hydraulically fracturing the second well;

wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

64. The method of claim 63 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

65. A non-transitory computer readable medium of hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the method comprising:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps;

displaying a dashboard, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve;

a visual reference of a second valve, wherein the second valve is associated with both the second well and the manifold so that the second valve is:

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve; and

and

executing a continuous pumping (“CP”) swap to transition from hydraulically fracturing the first well to hydraulically fracturing the second well, the CP swap comprising:

opening the second valve while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

wherein opening the second valve causes fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve, and

wherein the second valve is opened in response to at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions;

and

closing the first valve:

after the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions;

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates the respective states of the first and second valves; and

wherein fluid is continuously communicated from the one or more pumps via the manifold during the CP swap.

66. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65 , wherein the dashboard further comprises a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

67. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65 , further comprising:

determining that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

68. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65 , wherein the one or more conditions include a flow rate condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

69. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65 , wherein the one or more conditions include a pressure condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

70. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 65 , further comprising:

hydraulically fracturing the first well; and

hydraulically fracturing the second well;

wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

71. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 70 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

72. A system for hydraulically fracturing a plurality of wells, the plurality of wells comprising first and second wells, the system comprising:

a manifold via which fluid is adapted to be communicated from one or more pumps;

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the first well and the one or more pumps;

in fluid communication with the manifold; and

fluidically positioned between the second well and the one or more pumps from which fluid is adapted to be communicated to the first well via the manifold and the first valve;

a dashboard adapted to be displayed, which dashboard comprises:

a visual reference of the first valve;

a visual reference of the second valve; and

and

opening the second valve:

while fluid is communicated from the one or more pumps to the first well via the first valve and the manifold,

in response to at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold satisfying one or more conditions, and

to cause fluid to be communicated from the one or more pumps to the second well via the manifold and the second valve;

and

closing the first valve:

after the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions;

wherein the display of the dashboard visually communicates the respective states of the first and second valves.

73. The system of claim 72 , wherein the dashboard further comprises a visual reference of a first wellhead in communication with the first well.

74. The system of claim 72 , wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to:

determine that the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold has satisfied the one or more conditions.

75. The system of claim 72 , wherein the one or more conditions include a flow rate condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

76. The system of claim 72 , wherein the one or more conditions include a pressure condition of the at least a portion of fluid communicated via the manifold.

77. The system of claim 72 , wherein the fluid, which is continuously communicated via the manifold during the CP swap, is hydraulic fracturing fluid.

78. The system of claim 77 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises sand.

Assignments (1)

ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 23, 2023

From: KUEHN, JORDAN; JOHNSON, AUSTIN; BEASON, RONNIE B.; CANNON, NICHOLAS J.

To: DOWNING WELLHEAD EQUIPMENT, LLC

Reel/Frame 062454/0026 →

Continuity (20)

Continuation 17878493 · Aug 1, 2022

Continuation 17388716 · Jul 29, 2021

Continuation In Part 17319854 · May 13, 2021

Continuation In Part 16855749 · Apr 22, 2020

Continuation In Part 16803156 · Feb 27, 2020

Continuation In Part 16436623 · Jun 10, 2019

Continuation In Part 16248633 · Jan 15, 2019

Continuation In Part 16248648 · Jan 15, 2019

Continuation In Part 16100741 · Aug 10, 2018

Provisional Application 63189663 · May 17, 2021

Provisional Application 62836761 · Apr 22, 2019

Provisional Application 62755170 · Nov 2, 2018

Provisional Application 62638688 · Mar 5, 2018

Provisional Application 62638681 · Mar 5, 2018

Provisional Application 62637220 · Mar 1, 2018

Provisional Application 62637215 · Mar 1, 2018

Provisional Application 62617438 · Jan 15, 2018

Provisional Application 62617443 · Jan 15, 2018

Provisional Application 62598914 · Dec 14, 2017

Related Publication 20230160278A1 · May 25, 2023

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