Switchable directional coupler with intermediate termination state
Quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler architectures and methods that that use intermediate terminated states during directional mode-switching events to prevent generation of reflection coefficients that cause spur generation. A first embodiment of the invention utilizes existing circuitry within a quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler but alters the conventional mode-switching sequence by adding new stage sequences to effectuate intermediate terminated states to mitigate or prevent spurs. A second embodiment of the invention modifies existing circuitry within a quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler by adding a cross-coupled intermediate-stage termination circuit, and alters the conventional mode-switching sequence by adding new stage sequences to effectuate intermediate terminated states to mitigate or prevent spurs. A third embodiment of the invention also modifies existing circuitry within a quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler by adding dual independent intermediate-stage termination circuits, and alters the conventional mode-switching sequence by adding new stage sequences to effectuate intermediate terminated states to mitigate or prevent spurs.
1. A quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler having a forward mode of operation and a reverse mode of operation, the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler including:
(a) a primary transmission line having a first port and a second port;
(b) a secondary transmission line having a third port and a fourth port;
(c) a first independent termination circuit selectively couplable to the third port; and
(d) a second independent termination circuit selectively couplable to the fourth port;
wherein during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation, the third port and the fourth port are concurrently terminated by at least one of the first independent termination circuit or the second independent termination circuit.
2. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 1 , wherein the first and second independent termination circuits each include a switch coupled in series with a resistor.
3. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 1 , further including a first capacitor coupled to the third port, and a second capacitor coupled to the fourth port.
4. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 1 , further including a switch coupled between the third port and the fourth port, wherein at a point in time during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation, the switch is closed to couple the third port and the fourth port together.
5. A quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler having a forward mode of operation and a reverse mode of operation, the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler including:
(a) a primary transmission line having a first port and a second port;
(b) a secondary transmission line having a third port and a fourth port;
(c) a first termination circuit selectively couplable to the third port;
(d) a second termination circuit selectively couplable to the fourth port;
(e) a first independent termination circuit selectively couplable to the third port; and
(f) a second independent termination circuit selectively couplable to the fourth port;
wherein the first termination circuit terminates the third port in the reverse mode of operation, and the second termination circuit terminates the fourth port in the forward mode of operation; and
wherein during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation, the third port and the fourth port are concurrently terminated by at least one of the first independent termination circuit or the second independent termination circuit.
6. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 5 , wherein the first and second independent termination circuits each include a switch coupled in series with a resistor.
7. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 5 , further including a first capacitor coupled to the third port, and a second capacitor coupled to the fourth port.
8. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 5 , further including a switch coupled between the third port and the fourth port, wherein at a point in time during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation, the switch is closed to couple the third port and the fourth port together.
9. A quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler having a forward mode of operation and a reverse mode of operation, the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler including:
(a) a primary transmission line having a first port and a second port;
(b) a secondary transmission line having a third port and a fourth port;
(c) a first termination circuit selectively couplable to the third port;
(d) a second termination circuit selectively couplable to the fourth port;
(e) a first independent termination circuit having a first impedance and selectively couplable to the third port during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation; and
(f) a second independent termination circuit having a second impedance and selectively couplable to the fourth port during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation;
wherein during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler from the forward mode of operation to the reverse mode of operation, or from the reverse mode of operation to the forward mode of operation, the third port and the fourth port are concurrently terminated by at least one of the first independent termination circuit or the second independent termination circuit and an impedance of the third port and an impedance of the fourth port are no higher than the greater of the first impedance or the second impedance.
10. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 9 , wherein the first and second independent termination circuits each include a switch coupled in series with a resistor.
11. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 9 , further including a first capacitor coupled to the third port, and a second capacitor coupled to the fourth port.
12. The quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler of claim 9 , further including a switch coupled between the third port and the fourth port, wherein at a point in time during transitions of the quarter-wavelength switchable directional coupler between the forward mode of operation and the reverse mode of operation, the switch is closed to couple the third port and the fourth port together.