Compositions comprising phase change materials and methods of making the same
In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a phase change material, a hydrophobic sorption material, and a viscosity modifier. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a foam and a latent heat storage material dispersed in the foam, the latent heat storage material comprising a phase change material and a hydrophobic sorption material.
1. A method of making a foam comprising:
combining a phase change material, a polyfunctional monomer, and a linker component; and
cross-linking the linker component to at least one of the phase change material and the polyfunctional monomer,
wherein the polyfunctional monomer comprises a polyol;
wherein the linker component comprises an isocyanate; and
wherein the phase change material comprises one or more fatty acids, one or more alkyl esters of a fatty acid, one or more fatty alcohols, one or more fatty sulfonates or phosphonates, or a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises a diol or triol.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol further comprises a polyether polyol or a polyester polyol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isocyanate comprises a polyfunctional isocyanate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isocyanate comprises a diisocyanate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the diisocyanate comprises methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material has a phase transition temperature between 0° C. and 70° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material has a phase transition temperature between 30° C. and 50° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a catalyst to the combination of the phase change material, the polyfunctional monomer, and the linker component.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal complex comprising mercury, lead, tin, bismuth or zinc.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an additive to the combination of the phase change material, the polyfunctional monomer, and the linker component.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the additive comprises an ionic liquid.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the additive comprises an antimicrobial material or a fire retardant.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a blowing agent to the combination of the phase change material, the polyfunctional monomer, and the linker component.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the foam has a latent heat in the range of 50 J/g to 150 J/g.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises at least one of a diol and/or a triol.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises at least one of a polyether polyol, a poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, a polyester polyol, and/or a fluorinated polyol.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises a graft polyol and/or a filled polyol.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the graft polyol and/or filled polyol comprises at least one of a styrene-acrylonitrile, a acrylonitrile, and/or a polyuria polyol.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol comprises a plurality of differing polyols.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the plurality of differing polyols is selected based on at least one of a determined density, a determined flexibility, and/or a determined mechanical strength of the foam.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the polyol has a polydisperse molecular weight.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material comprises at least one of a fatty acid and an alkyl ester of a fatty acid.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the alkyl ester of a fatty acid comprises at least one of a methyl, ethyl, propyl, and/or butyl ester of a fatty acid.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the alkyl ester of a fatty acid comprises a C2 to C28 ester alkyl backbone.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the alkyl ester of the fatty acid comprises at least one of a laurate, a myristate, a palmitate, a stearate, a palmitoleate, a oleate, a linoleate, a docosahexanoate, or a ecosapentanoate.
27. The method of claim 1 , further comprises adding a catalyst to at least one of the phase change material, the polyfunctional monomer, and/or the linker component prior to the combining.