Granted Patent
B2
US 12,447,144 · App. 18/192,955 · Granted Oct 21, 2025
5HT agonists for treating disorders
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
Provided, inter alia, are methods for treating an epilepsy disorder using a 5HT receptor agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Claims (14)
1. A method of treating Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, said method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a 5HT receptor agonist, wherein said 5HT receptor agonist is clemizole, a clemizole analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is clemizole hydrochloride, clemizole hydrobromide, clemizole hydroiodide, clemizole sulfates, clemizole sulfonates, clemizole phosphates, clemizole monohydrogenphosphates, clemizole dihydrogenphosphates, clemizole nitrates, clemizole carbonates, clemizole monohydrogencarbonates, clemizole maleates, clemizole undecylates, clemizole malates, clemizole acetates, clemizole citrates, clemizole fumarates, clemizole proprionates, clemizole isobutyrates, clemizole malonates, clemizole suberates, clemizole lactates, clemizole mandelates, clemizole phthalates, clemizole oxalates, clemizole benzenesulfonates, clemizole p-tolylsulfonates, clemizole methanesulfonates, clemizole tartrates, clemizole succinates, clemizole benzoates, clemizole penicillin, clemizole salts with amino acids or a quaternary ammonium salt of clemizole, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is not a salt of topiramate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising an anti-epilepsy drug (AED).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject has a cardiovascular disease.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is resistant to treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is susceptible to side effects when administered a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said clemizole, a clemizole analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof inhibits compulsive behaviors or electrographic seizures in said subject when compared to the absence of said 5HT receptor agonist.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said clemizole, a clemizole analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof reduces or prevents myoclonus seizures or status epilepticus in said subject when compared to the absence of said 5HT receptor agonist.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said 5HT receptor agonist is administered to said subject at an amount of about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg per kg body weight.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein said AED is acetazolamide, benzodiazepine, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fenfluramine, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, ganaxolone, huperzine A, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, potassium bromide, pregabalin, primidone, retigabine, rufinamide, valproic acid, sodium valproate, stiripentol, tiagabine, vigabatrin, or zonisamide.
10. The method of claims 1 , wherein said clemizole, clemizole analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof forms a pharmaceutical composition.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of said clemizole, clemizole analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is co-administered with an anti-epileptic drug (AED).
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition comprises said clemizole, clemizole analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an AED.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is clemizole HCL.
Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Mar 17, 2024
From: BARABAN, SCOTT C.
To: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 066803/0476 →
Continuity (4)
Division
15552784
Provisional Application
62120726
· Feb 25, 2015
References Cited (162)
US 4011322A
· Rahtz et al.
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 6559293B1
· Almarsson
· 2003
[cited by examiner]
US 6780869B1
· Green et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 9925172B2
· Baraban
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20030166581A1
· Almarsson et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20050215589A1
· Crossley et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20110009351A1
· Thomas et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20120232062A1
· Yang et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20140329893A1
· Veech
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20210154171A1
· Baraban
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
EP 1787679A1
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
JP 2011518154A
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
JP 2011520900A
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
JP 2012526847A
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2002089731A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2002089731A3
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005032329A2
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2005032329A3
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2007093880A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2007093880A3
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2008133884A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009038248A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009039246A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009039246A3
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009039248A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009039248A3
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009039248A8
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009105507A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009105507A3
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009128907A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2009140416A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010039195A2
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010039195A3
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010107739A2
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010107739A3
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010107742A2
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010107742A3
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2010132691A1
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2014123909A1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2015026849A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2015066344A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2015096119A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2016203239A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
De Lima, P.A. et al. (Dec. 2014). “Neurobiochemical mechanisms of a ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy,”
[cited by applicant]
Fisher, R.S. (Apr. 15, 2014). “The 2014 Definition of Epilepsy: A perspective for patients and caregivers,” International League Against Epilepsy located at <https://www..ilae.org/guidlines/definition-and-classification…
[cited by applicant]
Miller, K.J. (Oct. 2005). “Serotonin 5-ht2c receptor agonists: potential for the treatment of obesity,”
[cited by applicant]
Moog, M. et al. (Sep. 2022, e-published May 17, 2022). “Clemizole and trazodone are effective antiseizure treatments in a zebrafish model of STXBP1 disorder,”
[cited by applicant]
FDA News Release. “FDA Approves Belviq to Treat Some Overweight or Obese Adults,” located at <https://web.archive.org/web/20121001144229/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm309993.htm> last visi…
[cited by applicant]
Schoonjans, A-S.et al. (Nov. 2015).“Low-dose fenfluramine in the treatment of neurologic disorders: experience in Dravet syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Smith, S.R. et al. (Mar. 2009, e-published Dec. 4, 2008). “Lorcaserin (APD356), a selective 5-HT(2C) agonist, reduces body weight in obese men and women,”
[cited by applicant]
Afrikanova,T. et al. (2013, e-published Janaury 14, 2013). “Validation of the zebrafish pentylenetetrazol seizure model: locomotor versus electrographic responses to antiepileptic drugs,” PloS One 8(10:e54166).
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous (Jun. 1, 2012). “Highlights of prescribing information Belviq,” pp. 1-28, retrieved on Oct. 30, 2020.
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous (Jan. 1, 2019). Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Rare diseases located at https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/lennox-gastaut-syndrome/, last visited Jun. 12, 2020, 15 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Avedissian, M. et al. (2007). “Hippocampal gene expression analysis using the ORESTES methodology shows that homer 1a mRNA is upregulated in the acute period of the pilocarpine epilepsy model,”
[cited by applicant]
Baraban S.C. et al. (2005). “Pentylenetetrazole induced changes in zebrafish behavior, neural activity and c-fos expression,”
[cited by applicant]
Baraban S.C. et al. (Jun. 2007, e-published May 23, 2007). “A large-scale mutagenesis screen to identify seizure-resistant zebrafish,”
[cited by applicant]
Baraban S.C. et al. (2013). “Drug screening in Scn1a zebrafish mutant identifies clemizole as a potential Dravet syndrome treatment,”
[cited by applicant]
Bardai, A. et al. (2012, e-published Aug. 14, 2012). Epilepsy is a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest in the general population,
[cited by applicant]
Baxendale, S. et al. (Nov. 2012, e-published Jun. 21, 2012). “Identification of compounds with anti-convulsant properties in a zebrafish model of epileptic seizures,”
[cited by applicant]
Bays, H.E. (Nov. 2009). “Lorcaserin and adiposopathy: 5-HT2c agonism as a treatment for ‘sick fat’ and metabolic disease,”
[cited by applicant]
Beal, J.C. et al. (Nov. 2012). “Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies: Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy,”
[cited by applicant]
Bender, A.C. et al. (Mar. 2012, e-published Feb. 16, 2012). “SCN1A mutations in Dravet syndrome: impact of interneuron dysfunction on neural networks and cognitive outcome,”
[cited by applicant]
Berlie, H.D. et al. (Aug. 2013, e-published Jun. 26, 2013). “Evaluation of lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity,”
[cited by applicant]
Berghmans, S. et al. (Jun. 2007, e-published May 7, 2007). “Zebrafish offer the potential for a primary screen to identify a wide variety of potential anticonvulsants,”
[cited by applicant]
Bialer, M. et al. (Jan. 2010). “Key factors in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs,”
[cited by applicant]
Blasiole, B. et al. (Dec. 2002). “Cloning, mapping, and developmental expression of a sixth zebrafish Na,K-ATPase alpha1 subunit gene (atp1a1a.5),”
[cited by applicant]
Borowicz, K.K. et al. (2012). “Trazodone reduces the anticonvulsant action of certain classical antiepileptics in the mouse maximal electroshock model,”
[cited by applicant]
Cao, D. et al. (Jul. 2012, e-publsihed May 11, 2012). “Efficacy of stiripentol in hyperthermia-induced seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.”
[cited by applicant]
Cario, C.L. et al. (Aug. 1, 2011, e-published Jun. 6, 2011). “Automated measurement of zebrafish larval movement,”
[cited by applicant]
Catterall, W.A. et al. (Jun. 1, 2010, e-published Mar. 1, 2010). “NaV1.1 channels and epilepsy,”
[cited by applicant]
CDC (Nov. 1997). Cardiac Valvulopathy Associated with Exposure to Fenfluramine or Dexfenfluramine: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Interim Public Health Recommendations,
[cited by applicant]
Ceulemans, B.P. et al. (Apr. 2004). “Clinical correlations of mutations in the SCN1A gene: from febrile seizures to severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy,”
[cited by applicant]
Cheah, C.S. et al. (Sep. 4, 2012, e-published Aug. 20, 2012). “Specific deletion of NaV1.1 sodium channels in inhibitory interneurons causes seizures and premature death in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Chege, S. W. et al. (2012). “Expression and function of KCNQ channels in larval zebrafish,”
[cited by applicant]
Chen, C. et al. (Apr. 21, 2004). “Mice lacking sodium channel beta1 subunits display defects in neuronal excitability, sodium channel expression, and nodal architecture,”
[cited by applicant]
Database Accession No. Medline NLM7969960 (Nov. 1994). Epilsepsy and Sleep Apnea Syndrome, 1 page.
[cited by applicant]
Database WPI Week 201549, An 2015-38134E, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Delogu, A.B. et al. (Apr. 2011). “Electrical and autonomic cardiac function in patients with Dravet syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Delvecchio, C., et al., The zebrafish: a powerful platform for in vivo, HTS drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 9, 354-361 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
De Toffol, B., et al., ESPERA study: Applicability of the new ILAE criteria for antiepileptic drug resistance of focal epilepsies in current clinical practice. Epilepsy Beh 25:166-169 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Devinsky, O. et al. (Nov. 1994). “Epilepsy and sleep apnea syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Dravet, C. et al. (2005). “Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: Dravet syndrome,” Adv Neurol 95:71-102.
[cited by applicant]
Dravet Syndrome, zebrafish and clemizole, Beyond the Ion Channel, (Sep. 2013), 3 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Einav, S. et al. J. S., Discovery of a hepatitis C target and its pharmacological inhibitors by microfluidic affinity analysis. Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 1019-1027 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Ellis, L. D. et al. Distinct modes of induced hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae. Brain Res. 1449, 46-59 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report mailed on Aug. 31, 2018, for EP Application No. 16756282.6, filed Feb. 24, 2016, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report mailed on Nov. 21, 2018, for EP Application No. 16756282.6, filed Feb. 24, 2016, 24 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Finkelstein, M. et al. (Jan. 1960). “Some Aspects of the Pharmacology of Clemizole Hydrochloride,”
[cited by applicant]
Fisher, R.S. et al. (Apr. 2014, e-published Apr. 14, 2014). “ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy,” Epilepsia 55(4):475-482.
[cited by applicant]
Giotti, A. et al. (1976). “Antiarrhythmic actions of antihistamines,”
[cited by applicant]
Gokul, C.G. et al. (Jan. 1, 2011). “A Study on Effect of Trazadone, Amoxapine and Venlafaxine on MES (Maximal Electroshock_ Induced Seizures in Albino Rates,”
[cited by applicant]
Griffin, A. et al. (Mar. 1, 2017). Clemizole and Modulators of Serotonin Signalling Suppress Seizures in Dravet Syndrome,
[cited by applicant]
Griffin, A.L. et al. (2019). “Zebrafish studies identify serotonin receptors mediating antiepileptic activity in Dravet syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Gustafson, A. et al. (Sep. 2013). “Lorcaserin (Belviq) A Selective Serotonin 5-HT
[cited by applicant]
Hadra, R. et al. (Dec. 1956). “Quantitative assessment of motor function in cerebral palsy; evaluation of zoxazolamine (flexin), a new muscular relaxant drug,”
[cited by applicant]
Han, S., et al., Autistic-like behaviour in Scnla
[cited by applicant]
Harkin, L.A. et al. The spectrum of SCN1A-related infantile epileptic encephalopathies. Brain 130, 843-852 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Higgins, J.A. et al. (Oct. 2013, e-published Sep. 13, 2013). “From obesity to substance abuse: therapeutic opportunities for 5-HT2C receptor agonists,”
[cited by applicant]
Hortopan, G. A., et al., Spontaneous seizures and altered gene expression in GABA signaling pathways in a mind bomb mutant zebrafish. I Neurosci. 30, 13718-13728 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Hunt, R. F., et al. A novel zebrafish model of hyperthermia-induced seizures reveals a role for TRPV4 channels and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Exp. Neurol. 237, 199-206 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report mailed on May 3, 2016, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/019368, filed Feb. 24, 2016, 3 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Isaac, M. (2005). “Serotonergic 5-HT2C receptors as a potential therapeutic target for the design antiepileptic drugs,”
[cited by applicant]
Jordan, C. et al., Cerebellar gene expression profiles of mouse models for Rett syndrome reveal novel MeCP2 targets. BMC Med Genet. 8, 36 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Jordan, J. et al. (Jun. 2014). “Cardiovascular effects of phentermine and topiramate: a new drug combination for the treatment of obesity,”
[cited by applicant]
Kauppila, L.A. et al. (2018). “Trazodone: A New Antiepileptic Drug for Dravet Syndrome?” International Journal of Epilepsy 5(2):99-103.
[cited by applicant]
Kim, D. Y. et al. (Mar. 11, 2011, e-published Dec. 29, 2010). “Reduced sodium channel Na(v)1.1 levels in BACE1-null mice,”
[cited by applicant]
Korff, C. et al. (Feb. 2007). “Dravet syndrome (severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy): a retrospective study of 16 patients,”
[cited by applicant]
Levy, R.G. et al. (Mar. 14, 2012). “Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy,”
[cited by applicant]
Lessman, C. A., The developing zebrafish (
[cited by applicant]
Lopez, M., et al., Expression of the somatolactin β gene during zebrafish embryonic development. Gene Expr. Patterns 6, 156-161 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Loscher, W. et al. Modern antiepileptic drug development has failed to deliver: Ways out of the current dilemma. Epilepsia 52, 657-658 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Maj, J. et al. (1979). “Trazodone, a central serotonin antagonist and agonist,” J Neural Transm 44(3):237-248.
[cited by applicant]
Marcoli, M. et al. (Jun. 1998). “Trazodone is a potent agonist at 5-HT2C receptors mediating inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in rat cerebellum,” J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285(3):983-986.
[cited by applicant]
Martin, M. S., et al., The voltage-gated sodium channel Scn8a is a genetic modifier of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Hum. Mol. Gen. 16, 2892-2899 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Miyata, I. et al. Seizure-modifying potential of histamine H
[cited by applicant]
Mulley J. C., et al., SCN1A mutations and epilepsy. Hum. Mutat. 25, 535-542 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Noam, Y., et al., Towards an integrated view of HCN channel role in epilepsy. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 21, 873-879 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Novak, A. E., et al., Embryonic and larval expression of zebrafish voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit genes. Dev. Dyn. 235, 1962-1973 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Oakley, J. C., et al., Temperature- and age-dependent seizures in a mouse model of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3994-3999 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Odagaki, Y. et al. (May 2005). “Trazodone and its active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine as partial agonists at 5-HT1A receptors assessed by [35S]GTPgammaS binding,” J Psychopharmacol 19(3):235-241.
[cited by applicant]
Ogiwara, I., et al., Nav1.1 localizes to axons of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons: a circuit basis for epileptic seizures in mice carrying an Scnla gene mutation. I Neurosci. 27, 5903-5914 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Orban, G. et al. (Jul. 2014). “Role(s) of the 5-HT2C receptor in the development of maximal dentate activation in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats,”
[cited by applicant]
Orellana-Paucar, A. M., et al., Anticonvulsant activity of bisabolene sesquiterpenoids of
[cited by applicant]
Pineda, E.A. et al. (Apr. 2012). “Interleukin-1β causes fluoxetine resistance in an animal model of epilepsy-associated depression,”
[cited by applicant]
Pisani, F. et al. (1999). “Antidepressant drugs and seizure susceptibility: from in vitro data to clinical practice,”
[cited by applicant]
Richter, J.M. et al. (Nov. 2014, e-published Aug. 19, 2014). “Clemizole hydrochloride is a novel and potent inhibitor of transient receptor potential channel TRPC5,”
[cited by applicant]
Rinkwitz, S., et al., Zebrafish: an integrative system for neurogenomics and neurosciences. Prog. Neurobiol. 93, 231-243 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Rugg-Gunn, F.J. et al. (Sep. 2010). “Epilepsy and the heart,”
[cited by applicant]
Sakitama, K., The effects of centrally acting muscle relaxants on the intrathecal noradrenaline-induced facilitation of the flexor reflex mediated by group II afferent fibers in rats. Jpn. J Pharmacol. 63, 369-736 (1993…
[cited by applicant]
Schoonheim, P. J. et al. Optogenetic localization and genetic perturbation of saccade-generating neurons in zebrafish. 1 Neurosci. 30, 7111-7120 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Shukla, A.P. et al. (2015, e-published Oct. 15, 2015). “Lorcaserin Hcl for the treatment of obesity,”
[cited by applicant]
Smith, S.R. et al. (Mar. 2009, e-published Dec. 4, 2008). “Lorcaserin (APD356), a Selective 5-HT(2C) Agonist, Reduces Body Weight in Obese Men and Women,” Obesity 7(3):494-503.
[cited by applicant]
Sourbron, J. et al. (May 18, 2016, e-published Feb. 17, 2016). “Serotonergic Modulation as Effective Treatment for Dravet Syndrome in a Zebrafish Mutant Model,”
[cited by applicant]
Stafstrom, C.E. et al. (2015). Seizures and Epilepsy: An Overview for Neuroscientists; Cold Spring Harb Perpsect Med 2015;5:a022426.
[cited by applicant]
Takahashi, H. et al. (2010). “Effectiveness of Topiramate in Eleven Patients with Dravet Syndrome,”
[cited by applicant]
Thomsen, W.J. et al. (May 2008, e-published Feb. 5, 2008). “Lorcaserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C agonist: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization,”
[cited by applicant]
Tolete, P. et al. (Oct. 30, 2018, e-published Sep. 26, 2018). “Lorcaserin Therapy for Severe Epilepsy of Childhood Onset: A Case Series,” Neurology 91(18):837-839.
[cited by applicant]
Tongiorgi, E., et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein are targeted to discrete dendritic laminas by events that trigger epileptogenesis. J. Neurosci. 24, 6842-6852 (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Warter, J.M.et al. (1990). “Immediate effects of 14 non MAOI antidepressants in rats with spontaneous petit mal-like seizures,”
[cited by applicant]
Winter, M. J., et al., Validation of a larval zebrafish locomotor assay for assessing the seizure liability of early-stage development drugs. J Pharm. Tax. Methods 5, 176-187 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Wolff, M. et al. (2006). “Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infants (Dravet syndrome): natural history and neuropsychological findings,”
[cited by applicant]
Written Opinion mailed on May 3, 2016, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/019368, filed Feb. 24, 2016, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Yamada, K. et al. The effect of antihistamines on seizures induced by increasing-current electroshocks: ketotifen, but not olopatadine, promotes the seizures in infant rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 35, 693-697 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Yu, F. H. et al. (Sep. 2006, e-published Aug. 20, 2006). “Reduced sodium current in GABAergic interneurons in a mouse model of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy,”
[cited by applicant]
Zheng, F. et al. (Jun. 2014, e-published Apr. 9, 2014). “The Role of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Seizure and Excitotoxicity,” Cells 3(2):288-303.
[cited by applicant]
Allen, A.S. et al. (Sep. 12, 2013, e-published Aug. 11, 2013). “De novo mutations in epileptic encephalopathies,”
[cited by applicant]
Brenot, F. et al. (Dec. 1, 1993). “Primary pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine use,”
[cited by applicant]
Fitzgerald, L.W. et al. (Jan. 1, 2000). “Possible role of valvular serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiopathy associated with fenfluramine,”
[cited by applicant]
Freibauer, A. et al. (Dec. 5, 2023). “STXBP1-Related Disorders: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Function, Treatment, and Future Directions,”
[cited by applicant]
Na, J-H. et al. (Jun. 1, 2020, e-published Mar. 2, 2020). “Targeted gene panel sequencing in early infantile onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy,”
[cited by applicant]
Nicita, F. et al. (May 2015, e-published Mar. 16, 2015). “Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy in 9q33-q34 Deletion Encompassing STXBP1 and SPTAN1,” Ann Hum Genet 79(3):209-217.
[cited by applicant]
Oggianu, L. et al. (Jun. 2022, e-published Mar. 2, 2022). “Estimation of brain receptor occupancy for trazodone immediate release and once a day formulations,”
[cited by applicant]
Smith, B.M. et al. (Jan. 24, 2008, e-published Dec. 21, 2007). “Discovery and structure-activity relationship of (1R)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-methyl-1H-3-benzazepine (Lorcaserin), a selective serotonin 5-HT2C rece…
[cited by applicant]
Stamberger, H. et al. (Mar. 8, 2016, e-published Feb. 10, 2016). “STXBP1 encephalopathy: A neurodevelopmental disorder including epilepsy,”
[cited by applicant]
Ziobro, J. et al. (Apr. 2020, e-published Mar. 6, 2020). “Neonatal Seizures: Diagnosis, Etiologies, and Management,”
[cited by applicant]