IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,444,183
Granted Patent B2
US 12,444,183 · App. 18/202,455 · Granted Oct 14, 2025

Modeling disjoint manifolds

Inventors: Jesse Cole Cresswell (Toronto, CA); Brendan Leigh Ross (Toronto, CA); Anthony Lawrence Caterini (Toronto, CA); Gabriel Loaiza Ganem (Toronto, CA); Bradley Craig Anderson Brown (Oakville, CA)
Assignee: The Toronto-Dominion Bank
G06V10/82G06V10/7625
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,444,183
App. No.
18/202,455
Filed
May 26, 2023
Granted
Oct 14, 2025
Kind
B2
Art Unit
2673
USPC
382/155
Abstract

A computer model is trained to account for data samples in a high-dimensional space as lying on different manifolds, rather than a single manifold to represent the data set, accounting for the data set as a whole as a union of manifolds. Different data samples that may be expected to belong to the same underlying manifold are determined by grouping the data. For generative models, a generative model may be trained that includes a sub-model for each group trained on that group's data samples, such that each sub-model can account for the manifold of that group. The overall generative model includes information describing the frequency to sample from each sub-model to correctly represent the data set as a whole in sampling. Multi-class classification models may also use the grouping to improve classification accuracy by weighing group data samples according to the estimated latent dimensionality of the group.

Claims (56)

1. A system for a training a generative model of data on disjoint manifolds, comprising:

one or more processors;

one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing instructions for execution by the one or more processors for:

identifying a plurality of training samples for which to train a generative model;

grouping the plurality of training samples to a plurality of groups;

generating a plurality of generative sub-models corresponding to a number of the plurality of groups by, for each group of the plurality of groups:

identifying a sampling frequency for sampling the sub-model based on a number of training samples associated with the group relative to the plurality of training samples; and

training a generative sub-model for the group based on the training samples of the group; and

storing the generative model as the plurality of generative sub-models and the associated sampling frequency for each sub-model.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each sub-model models a different continuous manifold of a high-dimensional space of the training samples.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the generative sub-models is a pushforward model from a latent space having lower dimensionality than a dimensionality of a high-dimensional space of the training data samples.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein training the generative sub-model for at least one group comprises:

determining a latent dimensionality of the group based on the data samples of the group;

setting one or more parameters for the generative sub-model based on the latent dimensionality of the group; and

training the generative sub-model for the group based on the one or more parameters.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of generative sub-models include modeling with respect to latent spaces that do not have the same latent dimensionality.

6. The system of claim 1 , the instructions further being for:

receiving a sampling request to generate a total number of samples from the generative model;

determining, based on the associated sampling frequency of each sub-model, a sub-model sample quantity for each sub-model;

generating a set of model samples by generating samples from each sub-model according to the sample quantity; and

providing the set of model samples as a response to the sampling request.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the associated sampling frequency for each sub-model is represented as a probability distribution; and determining the sub-model sample quantity for the sub-model comprises sampling from the probability distribution a number of times according to the total number of samples for the generative model.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein generating samples from each sub-model according to the sample quantity comprises:

loading a first sub-model to a memory;

sampling the first sub-model at the associated sub-model sample quantity;

after generating all samples for the first sub-model, loading a second sub-model to the memory; and

sampling the second sub-model at the associated sub-model sample quantity.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein grouping the plurality of training samples comprises an agglomerative clustering algorithm.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of training samples are images.

11. A method for a training a generative model of data on disjoint manifolds, comprising:

identifying a plurality of training samples for which to train a generative model;

grouping the plurality of training samples to a plurality of groups;

generating a plurality of generative sub-models corresponding to a number of the plurality of groups by, for each group of the plurality of groups:

identifying a sampling frequency for sampling the sub-model based on a number of training samples associated with the group relative to the plurality of training samples; and

training a generative sub-model for the group based on the training samples of the group; and

storing the generative model as the plurality of generative sub-models and the associated sampling frequency for each sub-model.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each sub-model models a different continuous manifold of a high-dimensional space of the training samples.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the generative sub-models is a pushforward model from a latent space having lower dimensionality than a dimensionality of a high-dimensional space of the training data samples.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein training the generative sub-model for at least one group comprises:

determining a latent dimensionality of the group based on the data samples of the group;

setting one or more parameters for the generative sub-model based on the latent dimensionality of the group; and

training the generative sub-model for the group based on the one or more parameters.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of generative sub-models include modeling with respect to latent spaces that do not have the same latent dimensionality.

16. The method of claim 11 , the method further comprising:

receiving a sampling request to generate a total number of samples from the generative model;

determining, based on the associated sampling frequency of each sub-model, a sub-model sample quantity for each sub-model;

generating a set of model samples by generating samples from each sub-model according to the sample quantity; and

providing the set of model samples as a response to the sampling request.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the associated sampling frequency for each sub-model is represented as a probability distribution; and determining the sub-model sample quantity for the sub-model comprises sampling from the probability distribution a number of times according to the total number of samples for the generative model.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein generating samples from each sub-model according to the sample quantity comprises:

loading a first sub-model to a memory;

sampling the first sub-model at the associated sub-model sample quantity;

after generating all samples for the first sub-model, loading a second sub-model to the memory; and

sampling the second sub-model at the associated sub-model sample quantity.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein grouping the plurality of training samples comprises an agglomerative clustering algorithm.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of training samples are images.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 3, 2025
From: CRESSWELL, JESSE COLE; ROSS, BRENDAN LEIGH; CATERINI, ANTHONY LAWRENCE; LOAIZA GANEM, GABRIEL; BROWN, BRADLEY CRAIG ANDERSON
To: THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK
Reel/Frame 072152/0362 →
Continuity (3)
Provisional Application 63350340 · Jun 8, 2022
Provisional Application 63346815 · May 27, 2022
Related Publication 20230386190A1 · Nov 30, 2023
References Cited (4)
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Chaturvedi, et al., “Constrained Manifold Learning for Videos,” 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 9 pages; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9207617. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/CA2023/050726 on Jul. 18, 2023; 9 pages. [cited by applicant]