Method for making uniform porous surface layer on garnet thin film
A solid garnet composition includes a bulk composition having a lithium garnet; and a surface composition having a protonated garnet on at least a portion of the exterior surface of the lithium garnet, such that the protonated garnet is uniformly disposed over the at least a portion of the exterior surface of the lithium garnet. A method of making a solid garnet composition includes pre-treating an air sensitive lithium-containing garnet with water to form a uniform protonated garnet surface composition; and contacting the uniform protonated garnet surface composition with an acid to form a porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition.
1. A method of making a solid garnet membrane, comprising:
pre-treating a solid garnet membrane comprising an air sensitive lithium-containing garnet with water by soaking the air sensitive lithium-containing garnet in water at a temperature in a range of 0° C. to 50° C. for a time in a range of 0.5 minutes to 60 minutes to form a uniform protonated garnet surface composition; and
contacting the uniform protonated garnet surface composition of the solid garnet membrane with an acid to form a porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition, wherein the acid is at a concentration in a range of 1M to 5M.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is in a range of room temperature to 50° C. and the time is in a range of 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from at least one of: a mineral acid, an organic acid, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid comprises hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, boric acid, or combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration is in a range of 1M to 2M.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration is in a range of 1M to 3M.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is conducted at a temperature in a range of 15° C. to 25° C. for a time in a range of 0.5 minutes to 60 minutes.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the time is in a range of 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition has a thickness in a range of 2 μm to 30 μm.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the thickness is in a range of 2 μm to 10 μm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition has a pore size in a range of 0.1 μm to 10 μm.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pore size is in a range of 1 μm to 5 μm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to the pre-treating:
heat treating the air sensitive lithium-containing garnet in a water free and CO 2 free environment.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the air sensitive lithium-containing garnet is Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition is Li (7-x) H x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , where x is from 0.1 to 7.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the air sensitive lithium-containing is Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 and
the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition is Li 6.5-n H n La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 , where x is from 0.1 to 6.5.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition is compositionally stable in air and insensitive to water and carbon dioxide.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition on an exterior surface of the solid garnet-membrane comprises an entire exterior surface of the solid garnet membrane.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition is uniformly disposed over an entirety of an exterior surface of the solid garnet membrane.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition comprises a surface free of one or more of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , or a combination thereof.
20. A method of making a solid garnet membrane, consisting of:
pre-treating a solid garnet membrane of an air sensitive lithium-containing garnet with water by soaking the air sensitive lithium-containing garnet in water at a temperature in a range of 0° C. to 50° C. for a time in a range of 0.5 minutes to 60 minutes to form a uniform protonated garnet surface composition; and
contacting the uniform protonated garnet surface composition of the solid garnet membrane with an acid to form a porous uniform protonated garnet surface composition, wherein the acid is at a concentration in a range of 1M to 5M.