Medical implant having a textured tissue contact surface
A medical implant has a textured tissue contact surface comprising a roughened surface that includes a plurality of macroscale and microscale projections and recesses and a plurality of nanostructures on the projections and within the recesses. The nanostructures comprise a plurality of spaced elongated waves, each wave having a crest and a trough. Each wave and recess comprise a plurality of individual polygonal structures, some of which comprise pyramidical-type shapes. The textured tissue contact surface is formed by initially laser ablating a tissue contact surface on the implant with a nanosecond pulsed laser followed by laser ablating the initially ablated surface with a femto-second pulsed laser.
1. A medical implant comprising a textured tissue contact surface, said textured tissue contact surface comprising:
a roughened surface on said tissue contact surface that includes a plurality of macroscale and microscale projections and recesses; and
a plurality of nanostructures on said projections and within said recesses, said nanostructures comprising a plurality of elongated waves, each wave having a crest and a trough, said crests extending along rows of elongated waves that are laterally spaced from each other.
2. The medical implant of claim 1 , wherein said implant is formed of titanium or a titanium alloy.
3. The medical implant of claim 1 , wherein said implant is a spinal interbody fusion device.
4. The medical implant of claim 1 , wherein said implant is a knee prosthesis.
5. The medical implant of claim 1 , wherein said implant is a hip prosthesis.
6. The medical implant of claim 1 , wherein said implant is a dental implant.
7. A medical implant comprising a textured tissue contact surface, said medical implant comprising titanium or titanium alloys, said textured tissue contact surface being prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
initially laser ablating said tissue contact surface on said implant with a nanosecond pulsed laser to form a roughened surface on said tissue contact surface that includes a hierarchy of macrostructures and microstructures that are tactically rough; and
then laser ablating said roughened surface with a femtosecond pulsed laser to form a plurality of nanostructures on said roughened surface without interrupting the hierarchy of macrostructures and microstructures.
8. The medical implant of claim 7 , wherein said hierarchy of macrostructures and microstructures comprises a plurality of projections and recesses, and wherein said nanostructures comprise a plurality of spaced elongated waves and a plurality of individual polygonal structures on said projections and within said recesses, each wave having a crest and a trough and including some of said individual polygonal structures.
9. The medical implant of claim 8 , wherein at least some of said plurality of individual polygonal structures comprise pyramidical-type shapes.
10. The medical implant of claim 8 , wherein said plurality of projections and recesses have an average height, H avg , and wherein said plurality of polygonal structures have an average height, h avg , and wherein H avg is greater than h avg .
11. The medical implant of claim 10 , wherein said plurality of projections and recesses have a maximum height, H max , and wherein said plurality of polygonal structures have a maximum height, h max , and wherein H max is greater than h max .
12. The medical implant of claim 11 , wherein the average spacing, S avg between peaks of said elongated waves, and the average distance, d avg between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures are each less than 1.5 μm.
13. The medical implant of claim 11 , wherein the maximum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is greater than the maximum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures.
14. The medical implant of claim 13 , wherein the maximum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is 2.2 μm, and the maximum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures is 1.84 μm.
15. The medical implant of claim 13 , wherein the minimum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is less than the minimum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures.
16. The medical implant of claim 15 , wherein the minimum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is 0.33 μm, and the minimum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures is 0.79 μm.
17. The medical implant of claim 15 , wherein said implant is a spinal interbody fusion device.
18. The medical implant of claim 15 , wherein said implant is a knee prosthesis.
19. The medical implant of claim 15 , wherein said implant is a hip prosthesis.
20. The medical implant of claim 15 , wherein said implant is a dental implant.
21. A medical implant comprising a textured tissue contact surface, said medical implant comprising titanium or titanium alloys, said textured tissue contact surface comprising:
a roughened surface on said tissue contact surface that includes a plurality of macroscale and microscale projections and recesses, each of said projections including a peak and each of said recesses including a valley, said plurality of projections and recesses having an average peak to valley height, Havg; and
a plurality of nanostructures on said projections and within said recesses, said nanostructures comprising a plurality of spaced elongated waves and a plurality of individual polygonal structures, some of said polygonal structures being included on said elongated waves, said polygonal structures each including a peak and a valley therebetween, said plurality of polygonal structures having an average peak to valley height, h avg , wherein H avg is greater than h avg .
22. The medical implant of claim 21 , wherein at least some of said plurality of individual polygonal structures comprise pyramidical-type shapes.
23. The medical implant of claim 21 , wherein said plurality of projections and recesses have a maximum height, H max , and wherein said plurality of polygonal structures have a maximum height, h max , and wherein H max is greater than h max .
24. The medical implant of claim 21 , wherein the average spacing, S avg between peaks of said elongated waves, and the average distance, d avg between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures are each less than 1.5 μm.
25. The medical implant of claim 21 , wherein the maximum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is greater than the maximum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures.
26. The medical implant of claim 25 , wherein the maximum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is 2.2 μm, and the maximum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures is 1.84 μm.
27. The medical implant of claim 21 , wherein the minimum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is less than the minimum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures.
28. The medical implant of claim 9 , wherein the minimum spacing, S between peaks of said elongated waves is 0.33 μm, and the minimum distance, d between peaks of said adjacent polygonal structures is 0.79 μm.