Vapor-based method and system for printing a 3D structure
A vapor-based method and system for printing a 3D structure are provided. The vapor-based method includes providing a substrate; providing a first vapor including an organic molecule including a functional group at each end for creation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a building block for printing the 3D structure; providing a second vapor including metal ions; applying the first vapor and the second vapor to form molecular-metal SAMs thereby providing a multiple layered SAMs material on the substrate; and applying a force and forming the 3D structure from the multiple layered SAMs material, wherein the 3D structure is provided on the substrate.
1 . A vapor-based system for printing a 3D structure, comprising:
a substrate;
an air extruder comprising at least one tube, wherein the at least one tube extrudes an inert gas on the substrate, and wherein the inert gas reduces an oxygen amount on the substrate;
a first vapor comprising an organic molecule including a functional group at each end for creation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a building block for printing the 3D structure, wherein the first vapor is configured to be applied to a surface of the substrate, and wherein the first vapor is configured to form a first SAM including a first SAM surface as a basis for the 3D structure when the first vapor is applied to the surface of the substrate;
a second vapor comprising metal ions, wherein the second vapor is configured to be applied to the first SAM surface of the first SAM, and wherein the first vapor and the second vapor are configured to obtain molecular-metal SAMs to provide a multiple layered SAMs material when the first vapor and the second vapor are applied in repeated steps;
a first vapor output means for applying the first vapor;
a second vapor output means for applying the second vapor; and
a first force output means configured to apply a first force and form the 3D structure from the multiple layered SAMs material, wherein the 3D structure is provided on the substrate, and wherein the first force output means includes at least one of a UV laser beam, a heat source, and a metallic tip in electrical communication with the substrate.
2 . The vapor-based system of claim 1 , wherein the organic molecule is a dithiol organic molecule.
3 . The vapor-based system of claim 2 , wherein the dithiol organic molecule is an alkane dithiol molecule or an aromatic dithiol molecule.
4 . The vapor-based system of claim 1 , wherein the metal ions of the second vapor are silver ions.
5 . The vapor-based system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a metal substrate.
6 . The vapor-based system of claim 5 , wherein the metal substrate includes gold.
7 . The vapor-based system of claim 1 , further comprising a second force output means configured to apply a second force and a third force output means configured to apply a third force, wherein the second force output means includes at least one of a UV laser beam, a heat source, and a metallic tip in electrical communication with the substrate, and wherein the third force output means includes at least one of a UV laser beam, a heat source, and a metallic tip in electrical communication with the substrate.
8 . The vapor-based system of claim 7 , wherein the first force is UV light, wherein the second force is heat, wherein the third force is an electric force, wherein the UV light is applied with a UV laser beam, wherein the heat is applied with a heat source, and wherein the electric force is applied with a metallic tip in electrical communication with the substrate.
9 . The vapor-based system of claim 1 , wherein the first vapor output means includes a first switchable nozzle, and wherein the second vapor output means includes a second switchable nozzle.