Systems, apparatus, and methods for regulating refractive error development through the modulation of peripheral distortion

1. A flexible lens element for application to a spectacle lens, the flexible lens element comprising:

a central zone having an optical center corresponding to the visual axis of an eye of a patient; and

a peripheral zone peripheral to the central zone and comprising:

a first zone having a first thickness, and

a second zone having a second thickness, wherein:

the second thickness varies from the first thickness, and

a distance from the second zone to the optical center of the central zone is selected to generate pincushion distortion or barrel distortion in the eye of the patient.

2. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein the second zone comprises at least one of:

a raised area on an anterior surface of the flexible lens element;

a raised area on a posterior surface of the flexible lens element;

a depressed area on an anterior surface of the flexible lens element; or

a depressed area on a posterior surface of the flexible lens element.

3. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

the second thickness is selected to generate peripheral defocus in the eye of the patient.

4. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

the central zone includes a conic-section curve configured to generate a spherical aberration in the eye of the patient.

5. The flexible lens element of claim 4 , wherein:

the spherical aberration generated in the eye of the patient is one of a positive, negative or neutral spherical aberration.

6. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

the second thickness in the second zone is selected to generate a different peripheral defocus in the eye of the patient in two or more semi-meridians.

7. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

the distance of the second zone to the center of the central zone is selected to generate different amounts of pincushion distortion or barrel distortion in the eye of the patient in two or more semi-meridians.

8. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

the flexible lens element has a colorant added to the material or surface of the film to alter the spectral transmission of the flexible lens element.

9. The flexible lens element of claim 1 , wherein:

light sources are housed within the flexible lens element or on the surface of the flexible lens element for directing wavelength specific light into the eye of the patient.

10. A method for defining a flexible lens element to be manufactured for an eye of a patient, the flexible lens element for application to a spectacle lens, the flexible lens element comprising:

selecting a central zone having an optical center corresponding to the visual axis of an eye of the patient; and

selecting a peripheral zone peripheral to the central zone; and

selecting, for the peripheral zone:

a first zone having a first thickness, and

a second zone having a second thickness, wherein:

the second thickness varies from the first thickness, and

a distance from the second zone to the optical center of the central zone is selected to generate pincushion distortion or barrel distortion in the eye of the patient.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

selecting, for the second zone, at least one of:

a raised area on an anterior surface of the flexible lens element;

a raised area on a posterior surface of the flexible lens element;

a depressed area on an anterior surface of the flexible lens element; or

a depressed area on a posterior surface of the flexible lens element.

12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

selecting the second thickness to generate peripheral defocus in the eye of the patient.

13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

selecting, for the central zone, a conic-section curve to generate a spherical aberration in the eye of the patient.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the spherical aberration generated in the eye of the patient is one of a positive, negative or neutral spherical aberration.

15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

selecting the second thickness in the second zone to generate a different peripheral defocus in the eye of the patient in two or more semi-meridians.

16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

selecting the distance of the second zone to the center of the central zone to generate different amounts of pincushion distortion or barrel distortion in the eye of the patient in two or more semi-meridians.

17. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable by one or more hardware processors of a computing component, the machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause the one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:

obtaining an image of a patient wearing a spectacle frame, the image including a lens opening of the spectacle frame and a corresponding eye of the patient;

determining a perimeter of the lens opening of the spectacle frame based on the image;

determining an optical center within the lens opening of the spectacle frame based on the location of the pupil of the eye in the image;

controlling a cutting system to cut a flexible lens element according to the determined perimeter of the lens opening and the determined optical center within the lens opening to prepare the flexible lens element for application to a spectacle lens for the spectacle frame.

18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein:

the film includes orientation marks that represent an angular orientation of meridional or semi-meridional variances in at least one of central power, spherical aberration, peripheral defocus, or optical distortion features; and

the operations further comprise controlling the cutting system to cut the flexible lens element according to the orientation marks.

19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise:

causing a camera to capture the image of the patient wearing the spectacle frame.