Control of piston trajectory in a linear generator
Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards free-piston combustion engines. As described herein, a method and system are provided for displacing a free-piston assembly to achieve a desired engine performance by repeatedly determining position-force trajectories over the course of a propagation path and effecting the displacement of the free-piston assembly based, at least in part, on the position-force trajectory. In a dual-piston assembly free-piston engine, synchronization of the two piston assemblies is provided.
1. A linear generator system that performs cyclical operations, comprising:
a piston assembly;
a cylinder in which the piston assembly translates;
at least one sensor to output a) data indicative of a position of the piston assembly within the cylinder and b) data indicative of a velocity at which the piston assembly translates in the cylinder; and
a controller to:
determine a position of the piston assembly in the cylinder based on the data indicative of the position,
determine a reference position based on a preceding cycle of the linear generator system,
determine a velocity of the piston assembly, based on the data indicative of the velocity, associated with a path of the piston assembly as the piston assembly translates between the reference position and the position,
determine a kinetic energy of the piston assembly based on the determined velocity, and
determine a net electrical energy output of the linear generator system based on the kinetic energy.
2. The linear generator system of claim 1 , wherein the reference position is an apex position of the piston assembly.
3. The linear generator system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a target apex;
determine a force to apply to the piston assembly based on a difference between the target apex and the position; and
cause the force to be applied to the piston assembly.
4. The linear generator of claim 3 , wherein the target apex is determined based on the net electrical energy output.
5. The linear generator system of claim 3 , wherein the force to apply is determined based at least in part on a desired engine performance that comprises at least one parameter associated with the target apex.
6. The linear generator system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to:
estimate a current pressure based on a force applied to the piston assembly during the preceding cycle; and
determine the force to apply based at least in part on the current pressure.
7. The linear generator system of claim 6 , wherein the current pressure corresponds to a pressure in a reaction section in contact with the piston assembly.
8. The linear generator system of claim 1 , wherein the reference position is determined based on a trajectory from the preceding cycle.
9. The linear generator system of claim 1 , wherein:
the piston assembly cycles between apices defining two strokes; and
the linear generator system produces the net electrical energy output over both of the two strokes.
10. The linear generator system of claim 1 , wherein:
the piston assembly is a first piston assembly;
the linear generator system further comprises a second piston assembly; and
the controller is configured to effect displacement of the first piston assembly and the second piston assembly by synchronizing apices of the first piston assembly with apices of the second piston assembly.
11. A method of monitoring a linear generator system that performs cyclical operations, the method comprising:
determining a position of a piston assembly of the linear generator system in a cylinder of the linear generator system based on sensor data indicative of the position;
determining a reference position based on a preceding cycle of the linear generator system;
determining a velocity of the piston assembly, based on sensor data indicative of the velocity, associated with a path of the piston assembly as the piston assembly translates between the reference position and the position;
determining a kinetic energy of the piston assembly based on the determined velocity, and
determining a net electrical energy output of the linear generator system based on the kinetic energy.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reference position is an apex position of the piston assembly within the cylinder.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining a target apex;
determining a force to apply to the piston assembly based on a difference between the target apex and the position; and
causing the force to be applied to the piston assembly.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining the target position based on the net electrical energy output.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining the force to apply based at least in part on a desired engine performance that comprises at least one parameter associated with the target apex.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
estimating a current pressure based on a force applied to the piston assembly during the preceding cycle; and
determining the force to apply based at least in part on the current pressure.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the current pressure corresponds to a pressure in a reaction section in contact with the piston assembly.
18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising determining the reference position based on a trajectory from the preceding cycle.
19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising producing the net electrical energy output over two strokes, wherein the piston assembly cycles between apices of the two strokes.
20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising synchronizing apices of the piston assembly by effecting displacement of the piston assembly based on the net electrical output.