Conformal multi-function air-data probes
An air-data probe component includes an additively manufactured inner member. The inner member includes integrally formed, monolithic structures including a mandrel bulkhead defining a plurality of pneumatic chambers therein in fluid communication with an outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead through respective pressure ports, and a plurality of pneumatic tubes extending aft of the mandrel bulkhead along a probe axis, each in fluid communication with a respective one of the plurality of pneumatic chambers. An outer cover tip can be engaged about the mandrel bulkhead with a plurality of bores therethrough for fluid communication of outside air pressure into the plurality of pneumatic tubes through the outer cover tip. A forward surface of the outer cover tip can be flush, conformal, and continuous with an aerodynamic outer surface of an aircraft.
1 . An air-data probe component comprising:
an additively manufactured inner member including integrally formed, monolithic structures including:
a mandrel bulkhead defining a plurality of pneumatic chambers therein in fluid communication with an outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead through respective pressure ports; and
a plurality of pneumatic tubes extending aft of the mandrel bulkhead along a probe axis, each in fluid communication with a respective one of the plurality of pneumatic chambers.
2 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 1 , wherein the outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead includes a channel defined therein configured to receive heater wire coils therein wrapped around the mandrel bulkhead.
3 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pneumatic chambers includes:
a pitot chamber in fluid communication with a forward facing one of the pressure ports, with respect to the probe axis;
a first chamber in fluid communication with a first lateral facing one of the pressure ports with respect to the probe axis;
a second chamber in fluid communication with a second lateral facing one of the pressure ports with respect to the probe axis, wherein the second lateral facing one of the pressure ports is diametrically opposed to the first lateral facing one of the pressure ports across the probe axis;
a third chamber in fluid communication with a third lateral facing one of the pressure ports opening circumferentially spaced apart from the first and second lateral facing ones of the pressure ports relative to the probe axis; and
a fourth chamber in fluid communication with a fourth lateral facing one of the pressure ports opening diametrically opposed to the third lateral facing one of the pressure ports relative to the probe axis.
4 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 3 , wherein the pitot chamber includes a plurality of dams extending part way radially into the pitot chamber defining a labyrinthine path through the pitot chamber for ice and moisture damming, wherein the plurality of dams are integral and monolithic with the mandrel bulkhead.
5 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 3 , wherein the plurality of pneumatic tubes includes:
a first pneumatic tube in fluid communication with the pitot chamber;
a second pneumatic tube in fluid communication with the first chamber;
a third pneumatic tube in fluid communication with the second chamber;
a fourth pneumatic tube in fluid communication with the third chamber; and
a fifth pneumatic tube in fluid communication with the fourth chamber.
6 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 5 , wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth pneumatic tubes connect their respective chambers in fluid communication with one or more pressure transducers for generating multi-function air-data probe data.
7 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 5 , wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth pneumatic tubes extend aft from the mandrel bulkhead along the probe axis through a necking section that is radially narrower than the mandrel bulkhead relative to the probe axis.
8 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 7 , further comprising a bracer integral and monolithic with the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth pneumatic tubes aft of the necking section, wherein the bracer is radially wider than the mandrel bulkhead and radially wider than the necking section relative to the probe axis.
9 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 8 , wherein aft of the bracer, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth pneumatic tubes diverge from one another and from the probe axis as they extend in an aft direction away from the mandrel bulkhead with respect to the probe axis.
10 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 8 , wherein aft of the bracer, aft ends of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth pneumatic tubes are configured to be connected in fluid communication with one or more pressure transducers for generating multi-function air-data probe data.
11 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 1 , further comprising an outer cover tip engaged about the mandrel bulkhead with a plurality of bores therethrough for fluid communication of outside air pressure into the plurality of pneumatic tubes through the outer cover tip.
12 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 11 , wherein an inner surface of the outer cover tip and an outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead conform to one another.
13 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 12 , further comprising a heater wire seated in a channel defined in the outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead, wherein coils of the heater wire are enclosed between the mandrel bulkhead and the outer cover tip.
14 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 13 , wherein the additively manufactured inner member includes a bracer integrally formed and monolithic therewith, wherein the bracer extends outward from the plurality of pneumatic tubes relative to the probe axis, wherein an outer surface of the bracer conforms to and engages with an inner surface of the outer cover tip.
15 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 11 , wherein the outer cover tip includes a forward surface and an aft surface aft of the forward surface along the probe axis, wherein the forward surface is configured to be flush, conformal, and continuous with an aerodynamic outer surface of an aircraft, and wherein the aft surface is configured to extend inside the aerodynamic outer surface.
16 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 11 , wherein the outer cover tip includes a temperature probe seated a in wall of the outer cover tip that separates from an external environment and an interior space inside the outer cover tip housing the mandrel bulkhead.
17 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of internal sensors in fluid communication with the plurality of pneumatic tubes for generating multi-function air-data.
18 . The air-data probe component as recited in claim 17 , further comprising a data controller operatively connected to the plurality of internal sensors and configured to interface with an aircraft system to communicate multi-function air-data to the aircraft system.
19 . An air data probe for use in an aircraft body that defines an aerodynamic outer surface comprising:
an air-data probe including:
an additively manufactured inner member including integrally formed, monolithic structures including:
a mandrel bulkhead defining a plurality of pneumatic chambers therein in fluid communication with an outer surface of the mandrel bulkhead through respective pressure ports;
a plurality of pneumatic tubes extending aft of the mandrel bulkhead along a probe axis, each in fluid communication with a respective one of the plurality of pneumatic chambers; and
an outer cover tip engaged about the mandrel bulkhead with a plurality of bores therethrough for fluid communication of outside air pressure into the plurality of pneumatic tubes through the outer cover tip, wherein the outer cover tip includes a forward surface and an aft surface aft of the forward surface along the probe axis, wherein the forward surface is flush, conformal, and continuous with the aerodynamic outer surface, and wherein the aft surface is configured to extend inside the aerodynamic outer surface,
wherein the aerodynamic outer surface and the outer cover tip are not integrally formed, monolithic structures with one another,
wherein the aerodynamic outer surface and the additively manufactured inner member are not integrally formed, monolithic structures with one another, and
wherein the outer cover tip and the additively manufactured inner member are not integrally formed, monolithic structures with one another.
20 . The air data probe as recited in claim 19 , herein the plurality of pneumatic tubes connect their respective chambers in fluid communication with one or more pressure transducers for generating multi-function air-data probe data.