IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,188,676

Granted Patent B2

US 12,188,676 · App. 18/242,362 · Granted Jan 7, 2025

Hydronic building systems control

Inventor: Albert Reid Wallace (Centennial, CO)

F24F11/80 F24D19/1009 F24F5/0046 F24F11/0008 F24F11/30 F24F11/62 F24F11/77 F24F11/81 F24F11/83 F24F11/84 F24F11/89 F24H15/20 F24H15/38 F24H15/421 F24H15/464 F28F27/00 G05B15/02 G05B19/042 G05D7/0617 F24F11/56 F24F11/63 F24F2110/10 F24F2110/12 F24F2110/20 F24F2110/22 F24F2130/00 F24F2130/10 F24F2140/30 F24F2140/60 Y02A30/272 Y02B10/20

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Quick Facts

Patent No.: US 12,188,676
App. No.: 18/242,362
Granted: Jan 7, 2025
Kind: B2

External Links

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Abstract

Controlling heating and cooling in a conditioned space utilizes a fluid circulating in a thermally conductive structure in fluid connection with a hydronic-to-air heat exchanger and a ground heat exchanger. Air is moved past the hydronic-to-air heat exchanger, the air having fresh air supply and stale air exhaust. Sensors located throughout the conditioned space send data to a controller. User input to the controller sets the desired set point temperature and humidity. Based upon the set point temperature and humidity and sensor data, the controller sends signals to various devices to manipulate the flow of the fluid and the air in order to achieve the desired set point temperature and humidity in the conditioned space. The temperature of the fluid is kept less than the dew point at the hydronic-to-air heat exchanger and the temperature of the fluid is kept greater than the dew point at the thermally conductive structure.

Claims (314)

1. A method comprising the steps of:

connecting fluidly at least two water-source heat pumps to at least one ground heat exchanger;

connecting fluidly a first source circulator having variable speed to a source heat exchanger on a source side of each of the at least two water-source heat pumps, and circulating by the first source circulator a source fluid through the at least two water-source heat pumps and the at least one ground heat exchanger;

sending a plurality of sensor inputs from a plurality of sensors to a microprocessor controller, the plurality of sensors selected from the group consisting of at least two of:

at least one source fluid entering water temperature sensor;

at least one source fluid leaving water temperature sensor;

at least one load fluid entering water temperature sensor;

at least one load fluid leaving water temperature sensor;

at least one temperature sensor;

at least one pressure sensor;

at least one fluid velocity sensor;

at least one power sensor; and

at least one real time energy use sensor;

storing in a memory coupled to and readable by the microprocessor controller a plurality of instructions;

executing by the microprocessor controller the plurality of instructions and thereby enabling the microprocessor controller for:

receiving at least one of:

a heating demand; and

a cooling demand;

calculating a source circulator speed to maintain a flow rate of the source fluid through the at least two water-source heat pumps;

to meet at least one of:

the heating demand; and

the cooling demand;

processing at least one of:

at least one temperature data;

at least one pressure data;

at least one fluid velocity data;

at least one power data; and

at least one real time energy use data;

achieving at least one of:

maintaining a leaving water temperature; and

maintaining a temperature differential between the leaving water temperature and an entering water temperature;

sending a first source circulator control signal to the first source circulator causing the first source circulator to operate at the source circulator speed;

executing by the microprocessor controller at least one thermal mass predictive control algorithm from the plurality of instructions, and receiving and processing by the microprocessor controller at least one performance data of a rate of change in a temperature over time for at least one of:

a thermally conductive structure;

a conditioned space;

a thermal storage;

a load fluid; and

the source fluid;

causing the microprocessor controller to determine a delay time before sending at least one first control signal to the first source circulator to operate at the source circulator speed.

2. A method comprising the steps of:

configuring an air-to-water heat pump with a variable speed compressor to meet a demand, wherein the variable speed compressor has multiple stages;

connecting fluidly a first load circulator having variable speeds to a load heat exchanger on a load side of the air-to-water heat pump;

circulating by the first load circulator a load fluid through the load heat exchanger;

sending a plurality of sensor inputs from a plurality of sensors to a microprocessor controller, the plurality of sensors selected from the group consisting of at least three of:

at least one load fluid entering water temperature sensor;

at least one load fluid leaving water temperature sensor;

at least one evaporator temperature sensor;

at least one condenser temperature sensor;

at least one temperature sensor;

at least one pressure sensor;

at least one fluid velocity sensor;

at least one power sensor; and

at least one real time energy use sensor;

storing in a memory coupled to and readable by the microprocessor controller a plurality of instructions;

executing by the microprocessor controller the plurality of instructions and thereby enabling the microprocessor controller for:

receiving at least one of:

a heating demand; and

a cooling demand;

calculating a first compressor speed and a first load circulator speed to maintain a flow rate of the load fluid:

to meet at least one of:

the heating demand; and

the cooling demand;

processing at least two of:

at least one temperature data;

at least one pressure data;

at least one fluid velocity data;

at least one power data; and

at least one real time energy use data;

achieving at least one of:

maintaining a leaving water temperature;

maintaining a temperature differential between the leaving water temperature and an entering water temperature; and

maintaining a preselected first compressor speed;

executing at least two of:

sending a first compressor speed control signal to the variable speed compressor causing the variable speed compressor to operate at the first compressor speed; and

sending a first load circulator control signal to the first load circulator causing the first load circulator to operate at the first load circulator speed;

a thermally conductive structure;

a conditioned space;

a thermal storage; and

the load fluid;

causing the microprocessor controller to determine a delay time before sending at least one control signal to at least one of:

the variable speed compressor causing the variable speed compressor to operate at the first compressor speed; and

the first load circulator causing the first load circulator to operate at least one of:

the first load circulator speed; and

a second load circulator speed.

3. A method comprising the steps of:

connecting thermally at least one thermally conductive structure with a conditioned space;

embedding in the at least one thermally conductive structure a first piping through which is circulating at least one of:

at least one cold water supply;

at least one mixed radiant supply fluid; and

and at least one hot water supply;

connecting fluidly at least one source process heat exchanger to at least one of:

the at least one cold water supply; and

the at least one hot water supply;

configuring the at least one source process heat exchanger to do at least one of:

cool the at least one cold water supply; and

heat the at least one hot water supply;

connecting fluidly at least one first hydronic load circulator to:

the at least one cold water supply;

at least one radiant mixing device; and

the at least one thermally conductive structure;

configuring the at least one first hydronic load circulator for at least one of:

circulating the at least one cold water supply through the at least one thermally conductive structure; and

circulating the at least one cold water supply though the at least one radiant mixing device; and

circulating the mixed radiant supply fluid comprising a portion of the at least one cold water supply from the at least one radiant mixing device through the at least one thermally conductive structure;

modulating a temperature of the mixed radiant supply fluid by the operation of the at least one radiant mixing device;

modulating by the at least one radiant mixing device a mixed flow of fluid comprised of at least one of:

a portion of the mixed radiant supply fluid;

a portion of a mixed radiant return fluid; and

a portion of the at least one hot water supply maintained at a temperature greater than the temperature of the mixed radiant supply fluid;

connecting fluidly at least one second hydronic load circulator to:

the at least one hot water supply; and

the at least one thermally conductive structure;

configuring the at least one second hydronic load circulator to circulate the at least one hot water supply through the at least one thermally conductive structure;

connecting fluidly at least one hydronic-to-air circulator to at least one of:

the at least one cold water supply;

the at least one hot water supply; and

configuring at least one energy transfer and ventilation device comprising a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) with at least one first hydronic coil-to-air heat exchanger;

configuring the at least one hydronic-to-air circulator to circulate through the at least one first hydronic coil-to-air heat exchanger:

a first coil supply fluid comprising the portion of the at least one cold water supply maintained at a temperature below at least one of:

at least one fresh air dew point temperature of a fresh air supply;

at least one conditioned air dew point temperature of an air moving into the conditioned space from the DOAS; and

at least one conditioned space dew point temperature using a temperature sensed by at least one first temperature sensor and using a humidity sensed by at least one first humidity sensor;

a second coil supply fluid comprising a portion of the at least one hot water supply;

configuring the DOAS with at least one fresh air fan connecting fluidly to the fresh air supply;

receiving the fresh air supply by the DOAS, and

outputting into the conditioned space at least one of:

a fresh air; and

a conditioned air;

connecting fluidly at least one of:

at least one water-to-air heat pump with the air in the conditioned space; and

connecting fluidly a source side heat exchanger of the at least one water-to-air heat pump with the at least one cold water supply that is connecting fluidly to the at least one first hydronic load circulator;

configuring the at least one first hydronic load circulator to circulate the at least one cold water supply through the source side heat exchanger of the at least one water-to-air heat pump in fluid communication with the air in the conditioned space; and

at least one second hydronic coil-to-air heat exchanger with the air in the conditioned space; and

connecting fluidly with the at least one cold water supply that is connecting fluidly to the at least one first hydronic load circulator;

configuring the at least one first hydronic load circulator to circulate the mixed radiant supply fluid through the at least one second hydronic coil-to-air heat exchanger in fluid communication with the air in the conditioned space, and circulating the air from the conditioned space through the at least one second hydronic coil-to-air heat exchanger to cool the air in the conditioned space.

4. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

configuring the at least one first temperature sensor to sense a temperature in the conditioned space and outputting the temperature in the conditioned space to at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring at least one second temperature sensor to sense a temperature in the at least one thermally conductive structure and outputting the temperature in the at least one thermally conductive structure to the at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring at least one third temperature sensor to sense an air temperature in the DOAS and outputting the air temperature in the DOAS to the at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring at least one fourth temperature sensor to sense a temperature in the fresh air supply and outputting the temperature in the fresh air supply to the at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring the at least one first humidity sensor to sense a humidity in the conditioned space and outputting the humidity in the conditioned space to the at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring at least one second humidity sensor to sense a humidity in the DOAS and outputting the humidity in the DOAS to the at least one microprocessor controller;

configuring at least one third humidity sensor to sense a humidity in the fresh air supply and outputting the humidity in the fresh air supply to the at least one microprocessor controller; and

sending a plurality of sensor outputs from a plurality of sensors to the at least one microprocessor controller, the plurality of sensors selected from the group consisting of at least four of:

at least two of:

the at least one first temperature sensor;

the at least one second temperature sensor;

the at least one third temperature sensor; and

the at least one fourth temperature sensor;

at least one of:

the at least one first humidity sensor;

the at least one second humidity sensor;

the at least one third humidity sensor;

an atmospheric pressure sensor;

a differential temperature sensor;

an air velocity sensor;

a fluid velocity sensor;

a watt/hour meter; and

a real time energy use sensor.

5. The method according to claim 4 further comprising the steps of:

provisioning a building automation system comprising a client/server architecture and the at least one microprocessor controller;

coupling at least one memory to and readable by the at least one microprocessor controller; and

storing in the at least one memory a plurality of instructions;

executing the plurality of instructions by the at least one microprocessor controller and thereby enabling the at least one microprocessor controller for:

receiving at least one of:

a cooling set point temperature for the conditioned space; and

a heating set point temperature for the conditioned space;

receiving at least two of:

a temperature from at least one of:

the at least one first temperature sensor;

the at least one second temperature sensor;

the at least one third temperature sensor; and

the at least one fourth temperature sensor;

a humidity level from at least one of:

the at least one first humidity sensor;

the at least one second humidity sensor; and

the at least one third humidity sensor;

calculating at least one of:

the at least one fresh air dew point temperature of the fresh air supply;

the at least one conditioned air dew point temperature of the air moving into the conditioned space from the DOAS;

the at least one conditioned space dew point temperature using the temperature in the conditioned space sensed by the at least one first temperature sensor and using the humidity in the conditioned space sensed by the at least one first humidity sensor; and

at least one thermally conductive structure dew point temperature using the temperature in the at least one thermally conductive structure sensed by the at least one second temperature sensor and the humidity in the conditioned space sensed by the at least one first humidity sensor; and

receiving at least one of:

a temperature of the at least one cold water supply; and

a temperature of the at least one hot water supply.

6. The method according to claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

using a configuration of the building automation system to stage priority of at least one of:

a cooling; and

a ventilation;

by at least one of:

the at least one fresh air fan;

the DOAS;

the at least one thermally conductive structure; and

the at least one water-to-air heat pump;

wherein at least one of:

staging the at least one fresh air fan fluidly connected to the fresh air supply with the DOAS for providing the ventilation;

providing by the at least one fresh air fan fluidly connected to the fresh air supply at least one of the ventilation and the cooling before at least one of:

providing by the DOAS at least one of the ventilation and the cooling;

providing by the at least one water-to-air heat pump at least one of the ventilation and the cooling; and

providing by the at least one thermally conductive structure the cooling;

providing by the DOAS the cooling before at least one of:

providing by the at least one thermally conductive structure the cooling; and

providing by the at least one water-to-air heat pump the cooling;

providing by the at least one thermally conductive structure the cooling before the at least one water-to-air heat pump provides the cooling; and

configuring the at least one water-to-air heat pump with at least two compressor stages and operating at a lower compressor stage to provide the cooling for a time period before operating at a higher compressor stage to provide the cooling.

7. The method according to claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

executing by the at least one microprocessor controller at least one thermal mass predictive control algorithm from the plurality of instructions, and receiving and processing by the microprocessor controller at least one performance data of the rate of change in a temperature over time for at least one of:

the at least one thermally conductive structure; and

the conditioned space;

causing the at least one microprocessor controller to determine an optimal delay time before sending at least one control signal enabling at least one of:

a cooling in response to a real time cooling demand;

a cooling in response to a scheduled cooling demand;

a heating in response to a real time heating demand;

a heating in response to a scheduled heating demand;

a shutting down of the cooling; and

a shutting down of the heating;

wherein the optimal delay time is at least one of:

a lead time for the conditioned space temperature to equal a desired occupied comfort set point of the conditioned space after at least one of:

a cooling control signal; and

a heating control signal;

a lag time for the conditioned space temperature to maintain a desired occupied comfort set point of the conditioned space after at least one of:

the shutting down control signal of a cooling; and

the shutting down control signal of a heating;

a lead time for the conditioned space temperature to maintain a desired unoccupied set point of the conditioned space after at least one of:

the shutting down control signal of a cooling; and

the shutting down control signal of a heating.

8. The method according to claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

configuring the building automation system for processing at least one of:

a historic data;

a climate data; and

a real time weather data;

receiving at least one of the historic data, the climate data, and the real time weather data from at least one of:

a website through a communications module;

the historical data;

an outdoor sensor; and

a sensor which measures at least one outdoor weather condition;

wherein the historic data is recording a data over a time period;

wherein the climate data is a weather data prevailing in at least one of:

an area in general; and

over a time period;

wherein the weather data is at least one of:

a temperature;

a humidity;

an atmospheric pressure;

a wind;

a precipitation;

a cloudiness; and

a radiation; and

wherein the real time weather data is the weather data occurring when the data is sensed.

9. The method according to claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a first hydronic load circulator control signal to the at least one first hydronic load circulator causing the at least one first hydronic load circulator to circulate the mixed radiant supply fluid; and

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a second hydronic load circulator control signal to the at least one second hydronic load circulator causing the at least one second hydronic load circulator to circulate the at least one hot water supply; and

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a mixed radiant supply control signal to at least one of:

the at least one radiant mixing device, and

the at least one first hydronic load circulator;

modulating at least one of:

the temperature of the mixed radiant supply fluid; and

a flow rate of the mixed radiant supply fluid to maintain a temperature of the at least one thermally conductive structure above at least one of:

the at least one conditioned air dew point temperature;

the at least one conditioned space dew point temperature; and

the at least one thermally conductive structure dew point temperature.

10. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of:

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a DOAS temperature control signal to the DOAS for modulating a temperature of the conditioned air from the DOAS into the conditioned space.

11. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of:

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a DOAS humidity control signal to the DOAS for modulating a humidity of the conditioned air from the DOAS into the conditioned space.

12. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

sending by the at least one microprocessor controller a hydronic-to-air circulator dehumidification control signal to the at least one hydronic-to-air circulator causing the at least one hydronic-to-air circulator to circulate the first coil supply fluid below a temperature of at least one of:

the at least one conditioned air dew point temperature; and

the at least one fresh air dew point temperature.

13. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

embedding a first piping of the at least one thermally conductive structure within a high mass comprised of at least one of:

at least one concrete structure; and

at least one gypsum concrete structure; and

circulating a thermal transfer fluid through the first piping.

14. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of at least one of:

circulating through a tank at least one cold water supply and the at least one hot water supply that are comprised of a portion of a heat transfer fluid; and

circulating through the first piping and a second piping the at least one cold water supply and the at least one hot water supply that are comprised of a portion of a heat transfer fluid.

15. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of;

subjecting the conditioned space to a radiant heat gain from a direct solar exposure.

16. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of:

connecting fluidly the at least one source process heat exchanger to at least one of:

the at least one source process heat exchanger using a heat transfer fluid which circulates through a heat exchanger thermally connected to the at least one source process heat exchanger; and

the at least one source process heat exchanger using a heat transfer fluid which circulates within the at least one source process heat exchanger.

17. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

connecting thermally at least one heat exchanger to a thermal energy storage of the at least one source process heat exchanger;

connecting thermally at least one heat exchanger to a ground water of the at least one source process heat exchanger; and

configuring at least one heat exchanger for waste heat recovery of the at least one source process heat exchanger.

18. The method according to claim 3 wherein the at least one source process heat exchanger further comprises:

at least one air-to-water heat pump;

at least one water-to-water heat pump;

at least one boiler; and

at least one chiller configured without a cooling tower utilizing evaporative cooling.

19. The method according to claim 3 wherein the at least one source process heat exchanger further comprises:

at least one cooling supply selected from the group consisting of:

a ground water;

a surface water; and

a waste cooling.

20. The method according to claim 3 wherein the at least one source process heat exchanger further comprises:

at least one heating supply selected from the group consisting of:

an electric boiler;

a solar thermal array; and

a waste heating.

21. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of:

modulating the temperature of the mixed radiant supply fluid by the operation of the at least one radiant mixing device wherein the at least one radiant mixing device is at least one of:

a modulating valve; and

the at least one first hydronic load circulator is of variable speed.

22. The method according to claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

modulating the temperature of the at least one thermally conductive structure by a first flow rate of the mixed radiant supply fluid through the at least one thermally conductive structure; and

modulating the first flow rate of the mixed radiant supply fluid by at least one of:

a modulating valve;

the at least one first hydronic load circulator is of variable speed; and

the operation of the at least one radiant mixing device.

23. The method according to claim 3 wherein the DOAS is configured without a cooling tower utilizing evaporative cooling.

Assignments (1)

ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 6, 2023

From: WALLACE, ALBERT REID, MR.

To: ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATION

Reel/Frame 064819/0218 →

Continuity (9)

Continuation 18120344 · Mar 10, 2023

Continuation 17677710 · Feb 22, 2022

Continuation 17083050 · Oct 28, 2020

Continuation 16411695 · May 14, 2019

Continuation 16059342 · Aug 9, 2018

Continuation 15202370 · Jul 5, 2016

Continuation 13969316 · Aug 16, 2013

Provisional Application 61684564 · Aug 17, 2012

Related Publication 20230408132A1 · Dec 21, 2023

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