Methods and systems for enhancing processing of hydrocarbons in a fluid catalytic cracking unit using a renewable additive
Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.
1. A system to process a gas oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, the system comprising:
a reactor having (i) a reactor inlet, (ii) an FCC reaction zone operable to crack a gas oil stream received via the reactor inlet in presence of steam and an FCC catalyst, thereby to form a plurality of FCC products and coked FCC catalyst when in operation, (iii) a separation zone to separate the plurality of FCC products from the coked FCC catalyst, and (iii) one or more outlet to remove the plurality of FCC products from the reactor;
a regenerator in fluid communication with the reactor, the regenerator having a first regenerator inlet to receive at least oxygen, a second regenerator inlet in fluid communication with a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, a first regenerator outlet in fluid communication with the reactor to supply a regenerated FCC catalyst to the reactor, and a second regenerator outlet positioned to discharge a flue gas from the regenerator, the regenerator being operable to oxidize coke and the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, thereby to produce the regenerated FCC catalyst and the flue gas; and
a controller configured to adjust an amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator based on an indication of a temperature within the system, thereby to maintain sufficient temperatures within the system to crack the gas oil stream in the FCC reaction zone and to oxidize the coke in the regenerator.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more temperature sensors positioned to measure temperature within one or more of: (a) the regenerator or (b) the reactor, and wherein the controller is positioned in communication with the temperature sensor and further configured to receive indication of the measured temperature within the system from the one or more temperature sensors.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more temperature sensors includes a temperature sensors positioned to sense temperature within the regenerator, and wherein the controller further is configured to, in response to a determination that temperature within the regenerator is below a selected value, increase the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator, thereby to increase the temperature within the regenerator, thereby to enhance oxidizing the coke.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller further is configured to adjust the amount of biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator via a flow control device connected to the second regenerator inlet.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller further is configured to, in response to a determination that the temperature within the regenerator is above a selected value, decrease the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator, thereby to reduce the temperature within the regenerator to restrict degradation of the FCC catalyst.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a stripping zone in fluid communication with the regenerator and operable to remove adsorbed and entrained hydrocarbons from the coked FCC catalyst prior to supplying the coked FCC catalyst to the regenerator.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more fluid pathways in fluid communication with the regenerator and configured to introduce the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil proximate a bottom portion of the regenerator.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more fluid pathways in fluid communication with the regenerator and configured to introduce the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into a bed of the coked FCC catalyst positioned within the regenerator.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller further is configured to introduce the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil in an amount less than about 2 volume percent of the gas oil stream introduced into the reactor.
10. A method of processing a gas oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system, the method comprising:
mixing the gas oil and steam with an FCC catalyst;
cracking the gas oil into one or more FCC hydrocarbon products in a reactor of the FCC system, thereby to cause one or more surfaces of the FCC catalyst to be at least partially covered by coke so as to define a coked FCC catalyst;
separating the coked FCC catalyst from the one or more FCC hydrocarbon products within the reactor;
supplying the coked FCC catalyst to a regenerator of the FCC system;
supplying a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into the regenerator;
combusting a combination of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and the coke of the coked FCC catalyst in the regenerator, thereby to produce a regenerated FCC catalyst and a flue gas;
supplying the regenerated FCC catalyst to the reactor; and
controlling an amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator based on a temperature within the FCC system, thereby to maintain sufficient temperatures within the FCC system to crack the gas oil in the reactor and to combust the coke in the regenerator.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises increasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that temperature within the regenerator is below a selected value, thereby to increase the temperature within the regenerator to enhance combustion of the coke.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil further comprises decreasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that the temperature within the regenerator is above a selected value, thereby to decrease the temperature within the regenerator to restrict degradation of the FCC catalyst.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising receiving an indication of the temperature within the regenerator from one or more temperature sensors of the FCC system.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the supplying of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises introducing the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil proximate a bottom portion of the regenerator.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the supplying of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises introducing the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into a bed of catalyst positioned within the regenerator.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil has an effective hydrogen index of less than 1.5.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising introducing the gas oil to the reactor prior to mixing, and wherein the supplying of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises introducing the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil in an amount less than about 2 volume percent of the gas oil introduced into the reactor.
18. A method of processing a gas oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system, the method comprising:
cracking the gas oil into one or more hydrocarbon products in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor of the FCC system, thereby to cause one or more surfaces of the catalyst to be at least partially covered by coke so as to define a coked catalyst;
separating the coked catalyst from the one or more hydrocarbon products;
introducing a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into one or more of: (a) a stripping zone of the reactor, or (b) one or more fluid pathways in fluid communication between the reactor and a regenerator, thereby to supply the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil to the regenerator;
combusting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and the coke of the coked catalyst when in the regenerator, thereby to produce a regenerated catalyst and a flue gas;
returning the regenerated catalyst to the reactor; and
controlling an amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator based on one or more temperatures within the FCC system, thereby to maintain sufficient the one or more temperatures within the FCC system to crack the gas oil in the reactor and to combust the coke in the regenerator.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises increasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that temperature within the regenerator is below a selected value, thereby to increase the temperature within the regenerator to enhance combustion of the coke.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises decreasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that temperature within the regenerator is above a selected value, thereby to decrease the temperature within the regenerator to restrict degradation of the catalyst.
21. The method of claim 18 , further comprising introducing additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into the regenerator.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced proximate a bottom portion of the regenerator.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and the additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil each has an effective hydrogen index of less than 1.5.
24. A method of processing a gas oil, the method comprising:
cracking the gas oil into one or more hydrocarbon products in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor, thereby to cause one or more surfaces of the catalyst to be at least partially covered by coke so as to define a coked catalyst;
separating the coked catalyst from the one or more hydrocarbon products;
supplying a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and the coked catalyst to a regenerator;
combusting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke of the coked catalyst in the regenerator, thereby to produce a regenerated catalyst and a flue gas; and
controlling an amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator based on one or more temperatures within one or more of: (a) the regenerator or (b) the reactor, thereby to maintain sufficient temperatures within the reactor to crack the gas oil and within the regenerator to combust the coke.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil comprises increasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that temperature within the regenerator is below a selected value, thereby to increase the temperature within the regenerator to enhance combustion of the coke.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein controlling the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil further comprises decreasing the amount of the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil supplied to the regenerator in response to a determination that the temperature within the regenerator is above a selected value, thereby to decrease the temperature within the regenerator to restrict degradation of the catalyst.
27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising receiving an indication of the temperature within the regenerator from one or more temperature sensors connected to the regenerator.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil has an effective hydrogen index of less than 1.5.
29. The method of claim 26 , further comprising introducing the gas oil to the reactor prior to the cracking, and wherein the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced in an amount less than about 2 volume percent of the gas oil introduced into the reactor.
30. The method of claim 26 , further comprising introducing additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil into the regenerator, wherein the additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced in a location proximate a bottom portion of the regenerator, and wherein the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and the additional biomass-derived pyrolysis oil each has an effective hydrogen index of less than 1.5.