Fuel distribution for vertical take-off dual-engine aircraft
The present application discloses an aircraft configured for vertical take-off and landing and horizontal flight. The aircraft includes (i) a first nacelle fuel tank configured to hold a first fuel supply for a first engine and to selectively provide fuel to the first engine during both (a) a vertical take-off and landing, and (b) horizontal flight; (ii) a fuselage fuel tank, and (iii) a control system configured to redistribute fuel between the first nacelle fuel tank and the fuselage fuel tank.
1. An aircraft, comprising:
a first nacelle fuel tank configured to hold a first fuel supply for a first engine and to selectively provide fuel to the first engine during both (a) a vertical take-off and landing, and (b) horizontal flight;
a fuselage fuel tank;
a control system configured to redistribute fuel between the first nacelle fuel tank and the fuselage fuel tank;
a low-pressure fuel pump configured to pump fuel from the fuselage fuel tank to one or more of the first nacelle fuel tank and a second nacelle fuel tank; and
a bypass valve between the fuselage fuel tank and one or more of the first nacelle fuel tank and the second nacelle fuel tank,
wherein the bypass valve is configured to be opened or closed based on a determination of whether fuel is to be redistributed to the fuselage fuel tank from one or both of the first nacelle fuel tank and the second nacelle fuel tank.
2. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to determine a center of gravity of the aircraft and redistribute fuel between the first nacelle fuel tank and the fuselage fuel tank based at least in part on the center of gravity of the aircraft.
3. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising:
the second nacelle fuel tank configured to hold a second fuel supply for a second engine; wherein:
the control system is further configured to redistribute fuel among the first nacelle fuel tank, the second nacelle fuel tank, and the fuselage fuel tank; and
the first engine and the second engine are used for both (i) vertical take-off and landing, and (ii) horizontal flight.
4. The aircraft of claim 3 , wherein the control system determines a fuel redistribution based at least in part on sensor data from one or more of a first set of fuel sensors comprised in the first nacelle fuel tank, a second set of fuel sensors comprised in the second nacelle fuel tank, and a third set of fuel sensors comprised in the fuselage fuel tank.
5. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first nacelle fuel tank and the fuselage fuel tank comprises a wicking material configured to provide a source of fuel to be pumped from the first nacelle fuel tank or the fuselage fuel tank for supply to the first engine or redistribution of fuel.
6. The aircraft of claim 5 , wherein the wicking material is configured to provide a supply of fuel to a supply line across a range of aircraft pitches.
7. The aircraft of claim 5 , wherein:
the wicking material comprises a first portion and a second portion;
the first portion is disposed on a first side of the first nacelle fuel tank that corresponds to a first low-point of the first nacelle fuel tank when the aircraft is oriented in a vertical take-off and landing orientation; and
the second portion is disposed on a second side of the first nacelle fuel tank that corresponds to a second low-point of the first nacelle fuel tank when the aircraft is oriented in a horizontal flight orientation.
8. The aircraft of claim 7 , wherein the wicking material is configured to pull fuel from a bottom of the first nacelle fuel tank and provide the fuel to a supply line that carries the fuel to the first engine, the fuselage fuel tank, or a second nacelle fuel tank.
9. The aircraft of claim 5 , wherein the wicking material is configured to provide filtration and low-point pickup of fuel.
10. The aircraft of claim 9 , wherein the wicking material provides 15-micron filtration.
11. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising:
a high-pressure fuel pump configured to pump fuel in the first nacelle fuel tank to the first engine.
12. The aircraft of claim 11 , further comprising:
a pressure regulator disposed in a fuel path between the high-pressure fuel pump and the first engine,
wherein the pressure regulator is configured to maintain a constant pressure of fuel being pumped to the first engine.
13. The aircraft of claim 12 , wherein the pressure regulator is configured to divert excess fuel from being pumped from the first nacelle fuel tank to the first engine.
14. The aircraft of claim 13 , further comprising one or more valves configured to control, at least in part, diversion of the excess fuel.
15. The aircraft of claim 14 , wherein the one or more valves are solenoid valves.
16. The aircraft of claim 14 , wherein the one or more valves include a first nacelle fuel tank valve configured to control whether at least part of diverted fuel is returned to the first nacelle fuel tank.
17. The aircraft of claim 14 , wherein the one or more valves include a redistribution valve configured to control whether at least part of the diverted fuel is redistributed to the fuselage fuel tank or the second nacelle fuel tank.
18. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising:
the second nacelle fuel tank configured to hold a second fuel supply for a second engine; wherein:
the first nacelle fuel tank comprises a first set of fuel sensors;
the second nacelle fuel tank comprises a second set of fuel sensors; and
the fuselage fuel tank comprises a third set of fuel sensors.
19. The aircraft of claim 18 , wherein each of the first set of fuel sensors, the second set of fuel sensors, and the third set of fuel sensors are configured to measure a fuel level when (a) the aircraft is oriented for a vertical take-off or landing, and/or (b) the aircraft is oriented for horizontal flight.
20. The aircraft of claim 18 , wherein one or more of the first set of fuel sensors, the second set of fuel sensors, and the third set of fuel sensors comprise a capacitive sensor.
21. The aircraft of claim 18 , wherein each of the first set of fuel sensors, the second set of fuel sensors, and the third set of fuel sensors comprise a plurality of fuel sensors respectively configured at different levels.
22. The aircraft of claim 21 , wherein each of the first set of fuel sensors, the second set of fuel sensors, and the third set of fuel sensors comprise a horizontal fuel sensor configured in a horizontal position and a vertical fuel sensor configured in a vertical position.