Catalyzed particulate filter
Disclosed herein is a particulate filter, in particular a catalyzed particulate filter, for use in an emission treatment system of an internal combustion engine. Provided are catalyzed particulate filters, emission treatment systems with catalyzed particulate filters, methods for manufacturing catalyzed particulate filters, and methods for controlling emissions in exhaust gas from internal combustion engines with catalyzed particulate filters.
1. A catalyzed particulate filter for exhaust gas treatment from an internal combustion engine comprising:
(1) a particulate filter comprising a porous substrate having a total substrate length (L) an inlet surface, an outlet surface, an inlet axial end, and an outlet axial end;
(2) a catalytic layer comprising a support material, and at least one platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium; the catalytic layer being coated onto the particulate filter;
wherein the catalytic layer comprises a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone;
wherein the first zone begins at the inlet axial end and has a first length (L 1 ) extending for 10-45% of the total substrate length (L); the third zone begins at the outlet axial end and has a third length (L 3 ) extending for 10-45% of the total substrate length (L); the second zone begins at the axial end of first zone, ends at the axial beginning of the third zone;
wherein the content of PGM in the second zone is not zero, the content of PGM in the first zone is higher than the content of the PGM in the second zone, and the content of PGM in the third zone is higher than the content of the PGM in the second zone, calculated as the weight of platinum group metal per zone volume; and
wherein the PGM in the first zone and the third zone includes a first PGM and a second PGM being different from the first PGM;
wherein PGM's varieties in the second zone are fewer than PGM's varieties in the first zone and are fewer than PGM's varieties in the third zone; and
wherein the PGM in the second zone includes the first PGM, and an amount of the first PGM in the first zone, an amount of the first PGM in the second zone, and an amount of the first PGM in third zone are the same.
2. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter is a wall-flow filter comprising a honeycomb structure.
3. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the mean pore size of the particulate filter is from 8 to 24 μm.
4. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the PGM is present in a catalytically effective amount to convert NOx, CO and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas to N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O and to cause the oxidation of particulate matter trapped on the particulate filter.
5. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the entire catalyzed particulate filter comprises 0-30 g/ft 3 of rhodium calculated as metal rhodium, and one of:
equal to or less than 100 g/ft 3 but greater than zero of platinum calculated as metal platinum, or
equal to or less than 100 g/ft 3 but greater than zero of palladium calculated as metal palladium.
6. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic layer has a loading in the range of 10 to 170 gram per liter across the catalytic layer as a whole.
7. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the first length (L 1 ) extends for 15-45% of the total substrate length (L); the third length (L 3 ) extends for 15-45% of the total substrate length (L).
8. A system for exhaust gas treatment from an internal combustion engine comprising: the catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , and one or more of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a three way conversion (TWC) catalyst, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), an ammonia oxidation (AMOx) catalyst, a NOx trap, a NOx absorber catalyst, and a hydrocarbon trap catalyst.
9. A method for preparing the catalyzed particulate filter of claim 1 , wherein said method comprises the steps of:
1) Forming an aqueous slurry comprising one or more precursors of the first PGM and a support material;
2) Milling and coating the aqueous slurry onto the particulate filter;
3) Calcining the particulate filter coated with the first PGM;
4) Impregnating the second PGM by dipping the inlet axial end and the outlet axial end of the particulate filter in solutions containing same or different amounts of the second PGM, respectively; and
5) Calcining the particulate filter coated with the first PGM and dipped with the second PGM.
10. A method for the treatment of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising:
flowing the exhaust gas from the engine through the catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 .
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the exhaust gas comprises unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
12. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the mean pore size of the particulate filter is from 10 to 20 μm.
13. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein:
the PGM in the second zone comprises at least one of platinum, palladium, or rhodium; and
the PGM in the first and third zone comprises at least two of platinum, palladium, or rhodium.
14. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 13 , wherein:
the content of rhodium in the first zone is higher than the content of rhodium in the second zone, and the content of rhodium in the third zone is higher than the content of rhodium in the second zone, calculated as the weight of rhodium metal per zone volume.