Catalyzed gasoline particulate filter
The present invention relates to a catalyzed particulate filter and methods comprising the filter for treatment of an exhaust gas from a gasoline engine, the catalyzed particulate filter comprising a gasoline particulate filter (GPF); a major catalytic layer coated onto or within an inlet side, an outlet side, or both sides of the GPF surfaces, the major catalytic layer comprising a first composition, wherein the first composition comprising a first support material; and a first platinum group metal (PGM); and a minor functional material layer placed onto or within an inlet side, an outlet side, or both sides of the GPF surfaces; the minor catalytic layer comprising a second composition; wherein the major catalytic layer has a higher loading than the minor functional material layer; the minor functional material layer is placed on top of the major catalytic layer, or the major catalytic material layer is placed on top of the minor functional layer. The catalyzed particulate filter provides an improved catalytic efficiency in conjunction with an efficient filter.
1. A catalyzed particulate filter for exhaust gas from a gasoline engine comprising:
(1) a gasoline particulate filter (GPF);
(2) a major catalytic layer coated onto or within an inlet side, an outlet side, or both sides of the GPF surfaces, wherein the major catalytic layer comprising a first composition, the first composition comprises a first support material; and a first platinum group metal (PGM); and
(3) a minor functional material layer placed onto or within an inlet side, an outlet side, or both sides of the GPF surfaces; the minor catalytic layer comprising a second composition;
(4) wherein the major catalytic layer has a higher loading than the minor functional material layer;
(5) wherein the minor functional material layer is placed on top of the major catalytic layer, or the major catalytic layer is placed on top of the minor functional material layer;
(6) wherein the minor functional material layer is dry loaded in a particulate form; and
(7) wherein the second composition comprises at least one of ceria, zirconia, strontium oxide, strontium carbonate, strontium sulfate, barium oxide, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, and manganese oxide, the second composition has a specific BET surface area after 4 hr calcination in air at 1000° C., characterized by 77 K nitrogen sorption, ranging from 5 m 2 g −1 to 200 m 2 g −1 .
2. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the second composition comprises a second support material; and a second platinum group metal.
3. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 2 , wherein the first and second support materials are independently chosen from alumina, zirconia, ceria, silica, titania, a rare earth metal oxide other than ceria, and mixtures thereof.
4. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 2 , wherein the first and second PGM are independently chosen from platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and mixtures thereof.
5. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 4 , wherein the second PGM is Pt, or Pt and Pd, and the second PGM is present in a catalytically effective amount to convert NOx, CO and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas to N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O and to cause the oxidation of particulate matter trapped on the gasoline particulate filter.
6. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 4 , wherein the first PGM is Rh, or Rh and Pd, and the first PGM is present in a catalytically effective amount to convert NOx, CO and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas to N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O.
7. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the second composition further comprises alumina, hydrated alumina or doped alumina, and wherein the dopant is at least one of ceria, zirconia, strontium oxide, strontium carbonate, strontium sulfate, barium oxide, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, manganese oxide.
8. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the second composition further comprises an organic material chosen from one or more of acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, hexanol, octanol, decanol, cellulose, hydroxylethyl cellulose, methylhydroxylethyl cellulose, starch, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(oxyethylene), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polycarbonates, and polyurethanes.
9. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the major catalytic layer has a washcoat loading ranging from 10 g/L to 170 g/L.
10. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein the minor functional material layer has a loading ranging from 1 g/L to 15 g/L.
11. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 1 , wherein particulates in the second composition have a D 90 ranging from 1 μm to 50 μm.
12. A method for the treatment of exhaust gas from a gasoline engine comprising:
(1) providing a particulate filter according to claim 1 , and
(2) conducting the exhaust gas from the engine through the particulate filter.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the exhaust gas comprises unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
14. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 8 , wherein the organic material in the second composition is in a form of a dry powder mixed with other components in the second composition.
15. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 14 , wherein the organic material in the second composition is polyvinyl alcohol powder.
16. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 11 , wherein the particulates of the second composition have a D 50 ranging from 2 μm to 11 μm.
17. The catalyzed particulate filter according to claim 11 , wherein the particulates of the second composition have a D 10 ranging from 0.8 μm to 2.5 μm.