DC solid state circuit breaker and DC circuit breaker system
A DC solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) and DC circuit breaker system, the SSCB having a power module ( 40 ) with a first controlled power semiconductor ( 41 ), a DC-Link ( 50 ), a semiconductor ( 61 ) and a pre-charging system ( 70 ) with an impedance ( 71 ). The power module ( 40 ) connected between a first power terminal ( 31 ) and a second power terminal ( 32 ); the DC-Link ( 50 ) connected between the first power terminal ( 31 ) and an intermediate node ( 34 ); the semiconductor ( 61 ) connected between the intermediate node ( 34 ) and the second power terminal ( 32 ); the pre-charging system ( 70 ) connected between the intermediate node ( 34 ) and a third power terminal ( 33 ). During normal operation current can flow freely between the first ( 31 ) and second ( 32 ) power terminals without producing any additional losses due to the pre-charging system ( 70 ). No varistors or similar devices are required. Several SSCBs ( 30 ) may be combined for additional features.
1. A DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ), comprising:
a first power terminal ( 31 ) and a second power terminal ( 32 ) connectable in series to terminals of a same first polarity of a DC source ( 10 ) and a DC load ( 20 );
a third power terminal ( 33 ) connectable to a terminal of a second polarity, opposite to the first polarity, or to an intermediate voltage of the DC source ( 10 );
a power module ( 40 ) connected between the first ( 31 ) and second ( 32 ) power terminals, the power module ( 40 ) comprising a first controlled semiconductor ( 41 ) configured to interrupt the current flow;
an intermediate node ( 34 );
a DC-Link ( 50 ) comprising at least one capacitor ( 51 ), wherein the DC-Link ( 50 ) is connected between the first power terminal ( 31 ) and the intermediate node ( 34 );
a fault current module ( 60 ) comprising a semiconductor ( 61 ) configured to constrain the current flow to only one direction, wherein the fault current module ( 60 ) is connected between the second power terminal ( 32 ) and the intermediate node ( 34 ); and
a pre-charging system ( 70 ) connected between the third power terminal ( 33 ) and the intermediate node ( 34 ), wherein the pre-charging system ( 70 ) comprises a pre-charging impedance ( 71 ) through which the at least one capacitor ( 51 ) of the DC-Link ( 50 ) is pre-charged, wherein the pre-charging system ( 70 ) further comprises a first contactor ( 72 ) connected between the intermediate node ( 34 ) and the third power terminal ( 33 ) and in parallel with the pre-charging impedance ( 71 ).
2. The DC solid-state circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the pre-charging system ( 70 ) further comprises at least one additional contactor ( 73 , 74 ) in series with the pre-charging impedance ( 71 ).
3. The DC solid-state circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the power module ( 40 ) further comprises an antiparallel diode ( 42 ) connected in antiparallel configuration with the first controlled semiconductor ( 41 ).
4. The DC solid-state circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the fault current module ( 60 ) further comprises a second controlled semiconductor ( 62 ) connected in antiparallel configuration with the semiconductor ( 61 ).
5. The DC solid-state circuit breaker of claim 1 , further comprising:
an additional power module ( 40 ′) connected between the first power terminal ( 31 ) and a second intermediate node ( 36 ) in series with the power module ( 40 ), the power module ( 40 ) being connected between the second intermediate node ( 36 ) and the second power terminal ( 32 );
an additional fault current module ( 60 ′) connected between the first power terminal ( 31 ) and the intermediate node ( 34 ).
6. The DC solid-state circuit breaker of any of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fourth power terminal ( 35 );
an additional fault current module ( 60 ′) connected between the pre-charging system ( 70 ) and the fourth power terminal ( 35 );
an additional DC-Link ( 50 ′) connected between the pre-charging system ( 70 ) and the third power terminal ( 33 ); and
an additional power module ( 40 ′) connected between the third power terminal ( 33 ) and the fourth power terminal ( 35 ).
7. A DC circuit breaker system, comprising:
at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) according to claim 1 connected between a DC source ( 10 ) and a DC load ( 20 ); and
a control unit ( 90 ) configured to control the operation of the at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ).
8. The circuit breaker system of claim 7 , wherein the control unit ( 90 ) comprises a fault current detection module ( 92 ) configured to detect a fault current on the DC source ( 10 ) and/or the DC load ( 20 ).
9. The circuit breaker system of claim 8 , wherein the control unit ( 90 ) is configured to:
pre-charge the DC-Link ( 50 ) of the at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) through the pre-charging impedance ( 71 ) of the corresponding pre-charging system ( 70 );
activate the first controlled semiconductor ( 41 ) of the power module ( 40 ) of the at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) to allow a current flow between the DC source ( 10 ) and the DC load ( 20 );
upon a fault current detection, command the first controlled semiconductor ( 41 ) of the power module ( 40 ) of the at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) to interrupt the current flow.
10. The circuit breaker system of claim 9 , wherein the pre-charging system ( 70 ) of at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) comprises a first contactor ( 72 ) connected in parallel with the corresponding pre-charging impedance ( 71 ); and
wherein the control unit ( 90 ) is configured to:
maintain the first contactor ( 72 ) open during the pre-charge of the DC-Link ( 50 ), and
close the first contactor ( 72 ) when the voltage of the DC-Link ( 50 ) reaches a pre-charge threshold.
11. The circuit breaker system of claim 10 , wherein the pre-charging system ( 70 ) of at least one DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) comprises at least one additional contactor ( 73 , 74 ) in series with the pre-charging impedance ( 71 ); and
wherein the control unit ( 90 ) is configured to:
maintain the at least one additional contactor ( 73 , 74 ) closed during the pre-charge of the DC-Link ( 50 ), and
open the at least one additional contactor ( 73 , 74 ) once the first contactor ( 72 ) has been closed.
12. The circuit breaker system of claim 7 , wherein the first ( 31 ) and second ( 32 ) power terminals of each DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) are respectively connected to terminals of the same polarity of the DC source ( 10 ) and the DC load ( 20 ), or vice versa; and wherein the third power terminal ( 33 ) of the corresponding DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 ) is connected to a terminal of opposite polarity, or an intermediate voltage, of the DC source ( 10 ).
13. The circuit breaker system of claim 7 , comprising a first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and a second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) connected in series between the DC source ( 10 ) and the DC load ( 20 ), such that:
the first power terminal ( 31 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and the third power terminal ( 33 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) are connected to a first terminal of the DC source ( 10 ), the first terminal of the DC source ( 10 ) being the positive ( 11 ) or the negative ( 12 ) terminal of the DC source ( 10 );
the second power terminal ( 32 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) is connected to a first terminal of the DC load ( 20 ), the first terminal of the DC load ( 20 ) being the positive ( 21 ) or the negative ( 22 ) terminal of the DC load ( 20 );
the third power terminal ( 33 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and the second power terminal ( 32 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) are connected to a second terminal of the DC load ( 20 ), wherein the first and second terminals of the DC load ( 20 ) are terminals of opposite polarity;
the first power terminal ( 31 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) is connected to a second terminal of the DC source ( 10 ), wherein the first and second terminals of the DC source ( 10 ) are terminals of opposite polarity.
14. The circuit breaker system of claim 7 , comprising a first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and a second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) connected in parallel between the DC source ( 10 ) and the DC load ( 20 ), such that:
the first power terminal ( 31 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and the third power terminal ( 33 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) are connected to the positive terminal ( 11 ) of the DC source ( 10 );
the second power terminal ( 32 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) is connected to the positive terminal ( 21 ) of the DC load ( 20 );
the third power terminal ( 33 a ) of the first DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 a ) and the first power terminal ( 31 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) are connected to the negative terminal ( 12 ) of the DC source ( 10 );
the second power terminal ( 32 b ) of the second DC solid-state circuit breaker ( 30 b ) is connected to the negative terminal ( 22 ) of the DC load ( 20 ).