Recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons
The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; wherein heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a washed stream resulting from step a) and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step b), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.
1. A process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream from waste plastics comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps of:
a) mixing at least part of the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream with a washing solvent a) which contains one or more heteroatoms and separating the resulting mixture into a first stream comprising washing solvent a) and heteroatom containing compounds and a second stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; and
b) contacting at least part of the second stream resulting from step a) with an extraction solvent b) which contains one or more heteroatoms and subjecting that stream to liquid-liquid extraction with extraction solvent b), resulting in a first stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons and optionally heteroatom containing organic compounds and a second stream comprising extraction solvent b), heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons;
wherein:
(i) during step a), at least part of the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream is contacted with a sorption agent before the first and second streams are separated in step a); and
(ii) between a step preceding step a) and the step a), at least part of a second stream resulting from the step preceding step a) is contacted with a sorption agent; and
(iii) between steps a) and b), at least part of the second stream resulting from step a) is contacted with a sorption agent; and
(iv) the first stream resulting from step b) comprises aliphatic hydrocarbons and heteroatom containing organic compounds and, after step b), at least part of that stream is contacted with a sorption agent.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
the washing solvent a) has a R a,heptane of at least 10 MPa 1/2 , wherein R a,heptane refers to the Hansen solubility parameter distance with respect to heptane as determined at 25° C.; and
the washing solvent a) has a solubility of sodium chloride, in g of NaCl per 100 g of solvent as determined at 25° C., of at least 0.1 g/100 g.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the washing solvent a) comprises one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water, ammonia and organic solvents selected from the group consisting of diols and triols, including monoethylene glycol (MEG), monopropylene glycol (MPG) and glycerol; glycol ethers, selected from the group consisting of oligoethylene glycols, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols (PEG) which have a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 g/mole or 200 to 700 g/mole; amides, selected from the group consisting of formamide and monoalkyl formamides and acetamides, wherein the alkyl group comprises 1 to 8 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, including methyl formamide; dialkylsulfoxide, wherein the alkyl group comprises 1 to 8 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, including dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); sulfones, including sulfolane; hydroxy esters, selected from the group consisting of lactates, including methyl and ethyl lactate; aminic compounds, including ethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine; carbonate compounds, selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate and glycerol carbonate; and cycloalkanone compounds, including dihydrolevoglucosenone.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the washing solvent a) comprises water.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
the extraction solvent b) has a R a,heptane of at least 5 MPa 1/2 , wherein R a,heptane refers to the Hansen solubility parameter distance with respect to heptane as determined at 25° C.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the extraction solvent b) comprises ammonia or one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of diols and triols, including monoethylene glycol (MEG), monopropylene glycol (MPG), any isomer of butanediol and glycerol; glycol ethers, selected from the group consisting of oligoethylene glycols, including diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, and monoalkyl ethers thereof, including diethylene glycol ethyl ether; amides, including N-alkylpyrrolidone, wherein the alkyl group comprises 1 to 8or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), formamide and di- and monoalkyl formamides and acetamides, wherein the alkyl group comprises 1 to 8 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of dimethyl formamide (DMF), methyl formamide and dimethyl acetamide; dialkylsulfoxide, wherein the alkyl group comprises 1 to 8 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, including dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); sulfones, including sulfolane; N-formyl morpholine (NFM); furan ring containing components and derivatives thereof, selected from the group consisting of furfural, 2-methyl-furan, furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; hydroxy esters, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl lactate; trialkyl phosphates, including triethyl phosphate; phenolic compounds, selected from the group consisting of phenol and guaiacol; benzyl alcoholic compounds, including benzyl alcohol; aminic compounds, selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine; nitrile compounds, including acetonitrile and propionitrile; trioxane compounds, including 1,3,5-trioxane; carbonate compounds, selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate and glycerol carbonate; and cycloalkanone compounds, including dihydrolevoglucosenone.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
(i) part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds is removed from the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream by contacting at least part of that stream with the sorption agent during step a) before the first and second streams are separated in step a), and at least part of the treated stream resulting from step (i) is fed to step b); and/or
(ii) step a) comprises multiple steps a) in series, and part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds is removed from the second stream resulting from a preceding step a) by contacting at least part of that stream with the sorption agent, and at least part of the treated stream resulting from step (ii) is fed to a subsequent step a); and/or
(iii) part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds is removed from the second stream resulting from step a) by contacting at least part of that stream with the sorption agent, and at least part of the treated stream resulting from step (iii) is fed to step b); and/or
(iv) the first stream resulting from step b) comprises aliphatic hydrocarbons and heteroatom containing organic compounds, and heteroatom containing organic compounds are removed from that stream by contacting at least part of that stream with the sorption agent.
8. A process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics, wherein at least part of the plastics comprises heteroatom containing organic compounds, said process comprising the steps of:
(i) cracking the plastics and recovering a hydrocarbon product comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; and
(ii) subjecting a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream, which comprises at least part of the hydrocarbon product obtained in step (i), to the process according to claim 1 .
9. Process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in a process according to claim 1 .
10. Process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed, comprising the steps of:
recovering aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock stream in a process according to claim 1 ; and
steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed which comprises aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in the preceding step.