Coated wire
A wire comprising a wire core with a surface, the wire core having a coating layer superimposed on its surface, wherein the wire core itself is a silver-based wire core, wherein the coating layer is a double-layer comprised of a 1 to 100 nm thick inner layer of nickel or palladium and an adjacent 1 to 250 nm thick outer layer of gold, characterized in that the wire exhibits a total carbon content of ≤40 wt.-ppm.
1. A wire comprising a wire core with a surface, the wire core having a coating layer superimposed on the wire core surface, wherein
the wire core is a silver-based wire core, the silver-based wire core consisting of a silver-based material in the form of a doped silver, a silver alloy, or a doped silver alloy,
the coating layer is a double-layer consisting of a 1 to 30 nm thick inner layer of nickel and an adjacent 20 to 200 nm thick outer layer of gold,
the wire exhibits a total carbon content of ≤40 wt.-ppm, and
the carbon content of the wire surface is in a range from 0.5 to less than 2.5 mg of carbon per square meter.
2. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the wire has an average cross-section ranging from 50 to 5024 μm 2 .
3. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the wire has a circular cross-section with an average diameter ranging from 8 to 80 μm.
4. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer of gold comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium in a total proportion ranging from 10 to 100 wt.-ppm based on the weight of the wire.
5. The wire of claim 1 , wherein outer layer of gold comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium in a total proportion ranging from 300 to 3500 wt.-ppm based on the weight of the gold of the outer layer.
6. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the wire exhibits a total carbon content ranging from 10 to 30 wt.-ppm.
7. The wire of claim 4 , wherein the at least one member is antimony.
8. The wire of claim 4 , wherein the at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium is present in the outer layer of gold in a concentration gradient that increases in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wire core.
9. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the carbon is a remnant of an auxiliary agent used during a process of manufacturing the wire.
10. The wire of claim 9 , wherein the auxiliary agent is a drawing lubricant, a quenching additive, or a combination thereof.
11. A wire comprising a wire core with a surface, the wire core having a coating layer superimposed on the wire core surface, wherein
the wire core is a silver-based wire core,
the coating layer is a double-layer comprised of a 1 to 100 nm thick inner layer of nickel or palladium and an adjacent 1 to 250 nm thick outer layer of gold,
the wire exhibits a total carbon content of ≤40 wt.-ppm,
the outer layer of gold comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium in a total proportion ranging from 10 to 100 wt.-ppm based on the weight of the wire, wherein the at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium is present in the outer layer of gold in a concentration gradient that increases in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wire core.
12. The wire of claim 11 , wherein the carbon content of the wire core surface is in a range from 0.5 to less than 2.5 mg of carbon per square meter.
13. The wire of claim 11 , wherein the coating layer is a double-layer consisting of a 1 to 100 nm thick inner layer of nickel and an adjacent 1 to 250 nm thick outer layer of gold.
14. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the wire exhibits a total carbon content of 10-30 wt.-ppm.
15. The wire of claim 1 , wherein the carbon content of the wire surface is in a range from about 0.8 to about 1.7 mg of carbon per square meter.
16. A wire comprising a wire core with a surface, the wire core having a coating layer superimposed on the wire core surface, wherein
the wire core is a silver-based wire core, the silver-based wire core consisting of a silver-based material in the form of a doped silver, a silver alloy, or a doped silver alloy,
the coating layer is a double-layer comprised of a 1 to 100 nm thick inner layer of nickel or palladium and an adjacent 1 to 250 nm thick outer layer of gold,
the wire exhibits a total carbon content of ≤40 wt.-ppm,
the carbon content of the wire surface is in a range from 0.5 to less than 2.5 mg of carbon per square meter,
the outer layer of gold comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium in a total proportion ranging from 10 to 100 wt.-ppm based on the weight of the wire, and
the at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony, bismuth, arsenic and tellurium is present in the outer layer of gold in a concentration gradient that increases in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wire core.
17. A process for the manufacture of a wire according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises at least the steps (1) to (5):
(1) providing a silver-based precursor item,
(2) elongating the precursor item to form an elongated precursor item, until an intermediate cross-section in the range of from 706 to 31400 μm 2 or an intermediate diameter in the range of from 30 to 200 μm is obtained,
(3) applying a double-layer coating of an inner layer of nickel or palladium and an adjacent outer layer of gold on the surface of the elongated precursor item obtained after completion of process step (2),
(4) further elongating the coated precursor item obtained after completion of process step (3) until a desired final cross-section or diameter and a double-layer comprised of an inner layer of nickel or palladium having a desired final thickness in the range of 1 to 100 nm and an adjacent outer layer of gold having a desired final thickness in the range of 1 to 250 nm is obtained, and
(5) strand annealing the coated precursor obtained after completion of process step (4) at an oven set temperature in the range of from 200 to 600° C. for an exposure time in the range of from 0.4 to 0.8 seconds and quenching it to form the coated wire,
wherein the application of the gold layer in step (3) is performed by electroplating it from a gold electroplating bath comprising gold.