Dual-layer gas filters and systems and methods for making the same
Filter media and filters are provided that include at least two layers and a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in depth within at least one of the layers. A gas filter comprises a first layer of fibers, a second layer of fibers bonded to the first layer and a plurality of nanoparticles incorporated into the first layer. The nanoparticles increase the overall surface area within the filter, which increases its filtration efficiency and allows for the capture of submicron contaminants without significantly compromising other factors, such as pressure drop (i.e., air flow) through the filter. In addition, the filters disclosed herein are capable of withstanding rigorous conditioning, which allows the filter to achieve the same level of filtration performance throughout the lifetime of the filter. Systems, devices and methods are also provided for manufacturing such filters.
1 . A gas filter comprising:
a first layer of fibers, wherein the fibers in the first layer have a linear density of greater than about 3 denier;
a second layer of fibers bonded to the first layer; and
a plurality of nanoparticles incorporated into the first layer.
2 . The filter of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the nanoparticles are disposed through the first surface and into an internal structure of the first layer between the first and second surfaces.
3 . The filter of claim 2 , wherein the nanoparticles are incorporated substantially throughout the first layer from the first surface to the second surface.
4 . The filter of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of nanoparticles incorporated into the second layer.
5 . The filter of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticles are dispersed through the second surface of the first layer and the first surface of the second layer.
6 . The filter of claim 1 , wherein the fibers in the first layer have a linear density of greater than about 5 denier.
7 . The filter of claim 1 , wherein the fibers in the second layer have a linear density of about 3 denier or less.
8 . The filter of claim 1 , wherein the fibers in the first layer have a linear density of about 7 Denier and the fibers in the second layer have a linear density of about 5 Denier.
9 . The filter of claim 1 , wherein the filter has a MERV rating of at least 13 and a pressure drop of 0.31 or less inches of water.
10 . A method for manufacturing a filter media, the method comprising:
providing first and second layers each comprising fibers;
isolating individual nanoparticles in a gaseous medium;
dispersing the individual nanoparticles from the gaseous medium into a first surface of the first layer such that the individual nanoparticles penetrate through at least the first surface of the first layer; and
bonding the first layer to the second layer to form a filter media.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising dispersing nanoparticles into a first surface of the second layer such that the individual nanoparticles penetrate through at least the first surface of the second layer.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising bonding the first surface of the first layer to the first surface of the second layer.
13 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising bonding a second surface of the first layer opposite the first surface of the first layer to a second surface of the second layer opposite the first surface of the second layer.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising bonding the first surface of the first layer to a second surface of the second layer opposite the first surface of the second layer.
15 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising dispersing the individual nanoparticles substantially throughout the first and second layers to form a composite material.
16 . A system for manufacturing a filter media, the system comprising:
a feeder for advancing a first layer of fibers from an upstream end to a downstream end;
a fiberization device for isolating individual nanoparticles;
a dispersion device between the upstream and downstream ends of the feeder for dispersing the individual nanoparticles into a first surface of the first layer such that the nanoparticles penetrate through at least the first surface of the first layer; and
a device for bonding the first layer to a second layer of fibers.
17 . The system of claim 16 , further comprising a second feeder for advancing the second layer of fibers.
18 . The system of claim 16 , further comprising a second dispersion device for dispersing individual nanoparticles into a first surface of the second layer such that the nanoparticles penetrate through at least the first surface of the second layer.