Systems and methods for making fibrous materials
Systems, devices and methods are provided for producing fibrous materials and products, such as filters. A system comprises a first device for generating one or more fiber stream(s), and a second device for isolating nanoparticles within a gaseous medium. The second device forms the nanoparticles into a stream and feeds this stream into the fiber streams to form the fibrous material. This distributes the nanoparticles more uniformly throughout the fibrous material. In addition, the nanoparticles increase the overall surface area within the material, which, in certain applications, increases its filtration efficiency and allows for the capture of submicron contaminants without significantly compromising other factors, such as pressure drop through the filter. Filters produced with these systems and methods are capable of withstanding rigorous conditioning, which allows the filter to achieve substantially the same level of filtration performance throughout the lifetime of the filter.
1 . A system for manufacturing a fibrous material, the system comprising:
a first device for generating one or more streams of fibers;
a second device for isolating individual nanoparticles within a gaseous medium; and
a third device coupled to the second device and configured to receive isolated nanoparticles from the second device, form the nanoparticles into a stream and feed the stream into the one or more streams of fiber to form the fibrous material.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the third device comprises a nozzle configured to substantially uniformly feed the nanoparticles into the one or more streams of fibers.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the nozzle feeds the nanoparticles into the streams of fibers at a rate that mixes the nanoparticles substantially uniformly throughout the fibers.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first device comprises a spunbond device comprising one or more extruders configured to heat and extrude fiber filaments and a spinning block coupled to the extruders.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first device comprises a carding machine.
6 . The system of claim 5 , further comprising first and second carding devices, wherein the second device disperses the nanoparticles between the first and second carding devices.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first devices comprise first and second melt blown dies configured to heat the fibrous material to a molten state and to extrude the fibrous material to form molten threads of fibrous material.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the first and second melt blown dies are aligned to generate first and second fiber streams and to combine the first and fiber streams at a formation zone.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the nozzle is aligned to converge the stream of individual nanoparticles with the first and second fiber streams at the formation zone.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the second device comprises:
a source of compressed air;
a pump;
a separator;
a first passage coupling the source of compressed air to the pump; and
a second passage coupling the separator with the pump.
11 . A system for manufacturing a fibrous material, the system comprising:
a first device for generating one or more streams of fibers;
a second device for isolating nanoparticles within a gaseous medium, the second device comprising:
a housing configured to contain groups of nanofibers,
a pump coupled to the housing; and
a passage coupled to the pump and having a surface, wherein the pump is configured to propel the groups of nanofibers into the surface; and
a third device configured to feed the nanoparticles into the one or more streams of fiber to form the fibrous material.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the pump propels the groups of nanofibers into the surface at a sufficient velocity to generate individual nanoparticles from at least a portion of the groups of nanofibers.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the velocity is about 500 feet/minute (fpm) to about 10,000 fpm.
14 . The system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a source of compressed air; and
a passage coupling the source of compressed air to the pump.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the pump comprises an eductor configured to generate a negative pressure to draw the groups of nanofibers from the housing and through the first passage.
16 . The system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a reactor having an internal chamber coupled to the passage;
wherein the reactor is configured to separate the individual nanoparticles from the groups of nanofibers.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the internal chamber of the reactor comprises one or more inlets coupled to the passage, and wherein the pump is configured to propel the individual nanoparticles and the nanofibers through the inlets with a velocity vector that creates a vortex within the reactor.
18 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first device comprises a spunbond device comprising one or more extruders configured to heat and extrude fiber filaments and a spinning block coupled to the extruders.
19 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first device comprises a carding machine.
20 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first devices comprise first and second melt blown dies configured to heat the fibrous material to a molten state and to extrude the fibrous material to form molten threads of fibrous material.