Electrophotographic member and heat fixing device

1. An electrophotographic member having an endless shape comprising:

a substrate; and

an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate,

the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber and metal silicon fillers dispersed in the silicone rubber, wherein

an average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective first binarized images each having a size measuring 150 μm by 100 μm at 5 arbitrary sites of a first section in thickness-peripheral directions of the elastic layer is 42% or less, and

an average of area ratios of the metal silicon fillers in respective second binarized images each having a size measuring 150 μm by 100 μm at 5 arbitrary sites of a second section in thickness-axial directions of the elastic layer is 42% or less, and wherein

the elastic layer has λ of 1.30 W/(m·K) or more, where λ is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction thereof, and

the elastic layer has ρv of 9.0 LOG Ω·cm or more, where ρv is a common logarithm value of a volume resistivity thereof.

2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 ,

wherein the metal silicon fillers include

first fillers each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 5 μm or more, and

second fillers each having a circle-equivalent diameter of less than 5 μm, and wherein

an average of area ratios of the first fillers in the respective first binarized images and the respective second binarized images is from 21% to 33%, and

an average of area ratios of the second fillers in the respective first binarized images and the respective second binarized images is from 7% to 21%.

3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 ,

wherein the metal silicon fillers include

first fillers each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 5 μm or more, and

second fillers each having a circle-equivalent diameter of less than 5 μm, and wherein

an average of area ratios of the first fillers in the respective first binarized images and the respective second binarized images is from 22% to 32%, and

an average of area ratios of the second fillers in the respective first binarized images and the respective second binarized images is from 10% to 20%.

4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 2 , wherein

the first fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 to 0.17 in the thickness direction of the elastic layer,

the second fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.19 to 0.51 in the thickness direction of the elastic layer, and

wherein the second fillers have an average array angle ΦS of 59° to 120° in the thickness direction of the elastic layer.

5. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein

the first fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 to 0.15 in the thickness direction of the elastic layer,

the second fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 to 0.50 in the thickness direction of the elastic layer, and

wherein the second fillers have an average array angle ΦS of 60° to 120° in the thickness direction of the elastic layer.

6. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic silicon fillers have a mass reduction rate of 0.05% or more, the mass reduction rate being determined by:

(i) collecting 2 g of a sample from the elastic layer;

(ii) immersing the sample into 50 ml of a normal propyl bromide liquid containing dodecylbenzene sulfuric acid at a concentration of 10 wt % and having a temperature of 40° C., and applying an ultrasonic wave of 40 kHz for 60 minutes to solve the silicone rubber of the sample;

(iii) extracting the metallic silicon particles, and then subjecting the metallic silicon particles extracted to vacuum filtration washing three times with 10 ml of toluene at a temperature of 25° C.; and

(iv) subjecting the metallic silicon particles resulting from the step (iii) to a thermogravimetric analysis and measuring the mass reduction rate in temperature range of from 300° C. to 500° C.

7. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal silicon fillers include metal silicon fillers having, on surfaces thereof, silicon oxide films each having a thickness of 3 nm to 20 nm.

8. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the electrophotographic member is a fixing member for a heat fixing device.

9. A heat fixing device comprising:

a heating member; and

a pressurizing member arranged to face the heating member,

the heating member being an electrophotographic member,

wherein the electrophotographic member

has an endless shape, and

includes a substrate and an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate,

wherein the elastic layer contains a silicone rubber and metal silicon fillers dispersed in the silicone rubber,

an average of area ratios of the fillers in respective first binarized images each having a size measuring 150 μm by 100 μm at 5 arbitrary sites of a first section in thickness-peripheral directions of the elastic layer, and

an average of area ratios of the fillers in respective second binarized images each having a size measuring 150 μm by 100 μm at 5 arbitrary sites of a second section in thickness-axial directions of the elastic layer is 42% or less, and wherein

the elastic layer has λ of 1.30 W/(m·K) or more, where λ is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction thereof, and

the elastic layer has ρv of 9.0 LOG Ω·cm or more, where ρv is a common logarithm value of a volume resistivity thereof.

10. The heat fixing device according to claim 9 , further comprising a heating unit configured to heat the substrate of the electrophotographic member.

11. The heat fixing device according to claim 10 , wherein the heating unit is an induction heating unit.

12. The heat fixing device according to claim 9 , wherein the heating unit is a heater configured to heat the substrate.

13. The heat fixing device according to claim 12 , wherein the heater is arranged in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the substrate.