Method of treating exhaust gas and system for same
A method of treating exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine is disclosed. The method comprises: introducing ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas upstream of an Fe-SCR catalyst, the Fe-SCR catalyst comprising iron and a zeolite; and contacting the exhaust gas with the Fe-SCR catalyst; wherein the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst is controlled to provide an ammonia-to-NO x molar ratio (ANR) in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst of from greater than 2 to 6.
1. A method of treating exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
introducing ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas upstream of an Fe-SCR catalyst, the Fe-SCR catalyst comprising iron and a zeolite; and
contacting the exhaust gas with the Fe-SCR catalyst;
wherein the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst is controlled to provide an ammonia-to-NO x molar ratio (ANR) in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst of from greater than 2 to 6 when the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is at a predetermined threshold temperature or less; and
wherein the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst is controlled to provide an ANR in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst of 2 or less when the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is greater than the threshold temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst is controlled to provide an ANR in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst of from 3 to 5 when the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is at a predetermined threshold temperature or less.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NO x concentration in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is 100 ppm or less.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of concentration of NO to concentration of NO x in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is 0.8 or greater.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises reducing the concentration of NO x in the exhaust gas prior to the step of introducing ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein reducing the concentration of NO x in the exhaust gas prior to the step of introducing ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas comprises contacting the exhaust gas with a further SCR catalyst, an oxidation catalyst and/or a passive NO x adsorber (PNA) catalyst.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lean burn internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, a hydrogen engine or an engine powered by liquid petroleum gas or natural gas.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is 500° C. or less.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite of the Fe-SCR catalyst comprises zeolite having a Framework Type selected from one or more of AEI, AFX, BEA, FER, MFI, FAU, LTA, LTL, CHA, or mixtures or intergrowths thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the zeolite of the Fe-SCR catalyst comprises a zeolite having a Framework Type comprising AEI, AFX, BEA and/or FER.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite of the Fe-SCR catalyst has a silica-to-alumina molar ratio (SAR) of from about 7 to about 50.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite of the Fe-SCR catalyst comprises iron disposed on the zeolite at a loading of from about 1 to about 7 wt. %, based on the weight of the zeolite.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Fe-SCR catalyst further comprises copper disposed on the zeolite.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Fe-SCR catalyst is contained within or disposed on a substrate, the substrate comprising two or more catalyst zones and the Fe-SCR catalyst being contained within a first catalyst zone.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein a Cu-SCR catalyst is contained in a second catalyst zone different to the first catalyst zone, the Cu-SCR catalyst comprising copper and a zeolite.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second catalyst zone is located upstream of the first catalyst zone.
17. A system for treating exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine, the system comprising:
a reductant injector for introducing ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas;
a substrate;
an Fe-SCR catalyst contained within or disposed on the substrate, the Fe-SCR catalyst comprising iron and a zeolite; and
an engine control unit;
wherein the reductant injector is located upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst; and
wherein the engine control unit is configured to control the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas by the reductant injector during use such that the ammonia-to-NO x molar ratio (ANR) in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is from greater than 2 to 6 when the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is at a predetermined threshold temperature or less; and
wherein the engine control unit is configured to control the amount of ammonia or ammonia precursor introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst to provide an ANR in the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst of 2 or less when the temperature of the exhaust gas contacting the Fe-SCR catalyst is greater than the threshold temperature.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the system further comprises the lean burn internal combustion engine.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the system comprises a further SCR catalyst, an oxidation catalyst and/or a PNA catalyst upstream of the Fe-SCR catalyst.